1. مصرف منطقی داروها در عفونت های تنفسی، عفونت های گوارشی و عفونت سیستم ادراری دکتر احمد رضا مبیّن متخصص بیماریهای عفونی MD-MPH

2. کلیات اثر مناسب روی پاتوژن دوز زمان مصرف –با توجه به نیمه عمر دارو –همراهی با یا بدون غذا محل تاثیر همراهی با آنتی بیوتیک های دیگر وضعیت بالینی بیمار

3. عفونت های تنفسی برونشیت حاد –ویروسهای تنفسی –Influenza A and B, parainfluenza, coronavirus (types 1-3), rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus –عوامل آتیپیک – Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) pneumoniae Bordetella pertussis

4. TREATMENT Most cases of acute bronchitis are due to viruses. Acute bronchitis is one of the most common causes of antibiotic abuse It is recommended; NOT treating patients with presumed acute bronchitis with empiric antibiotic therapy Influenza; Most influenza strains are treatable with neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir or zanamivir) Pertussis; Antibiotics provide clinical benefit only if begun early (within the first week) –Macrolide= QT interval prolongation in Erythromycin

5. Acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults The vast majority of cases of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) are due to viral infection acute bacterial infection occurs in only 0.5 to 2 percent of episodes most commonly a self-limited disease, with 75 percent of cases resolving without treatment in one month patients with high fever, acute facial pain, swelling, and erythema should be treated

7. Acute sinusitis Organisms –Streptococcus sp. Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Anaerobic bacteria and Viruses ≥2 major factors or 1 major factor and 1 minor factor Or nasal purulence on exam

8. Antimicrobial Regimens for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Adults

9. Pharyngitis Organisms –Streptococcus spp. –Staphylococcus spp. –Haemophilus influenzae –Anaerobes –Viruses such as rhinovirus, influenza virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and coronavirus

10. Antibiotic Regimens Recommended for Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis CID 2012:55 (15 November)

12. Empirical Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis

13. Outpatient Empirical Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis

14. Strategies for Nonantimicrobial Prevention of Recurrent Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis

15. Strategies for Antimicrobial Management of Recurrent Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis