2. Advanced Spoken English Phonology session: Intonation

3. Learning Outcomes At the end of today’ session, you will:  Understand the concept of intonation, both for meaning and function  Have practiced changing your pitch in different ways  Know how to practice intonation in your own time  Do tasks from and Connected Speech  Start work on next Speaking Task

4. What happens inside speech units/pause groups? A speech unit is pronounced as if it were ONE BIG WORD. How do we achieve this?  Intonation over the unit  Linking  Elision of consonants

5. Intonation over the unit  Each pause group has its own intonation pattern. Don’t continue the same intonation pattern!

6. Intonation  What? – Changes in the pitch of your voice. Like singing.  Big problem for many people.  Two types of intonation –Intonation for meaning –Intonation for (grammatical) function

7. Intonation for meaning  Very personal. Expresses your emotion.  TASK: Try saying the following phrases with different emotions: –“Morning” –“yes” –“No” –“I like it” –“That was heaps of fun”  Intonation works with body language

8. Intonation for Function Grammatical function: spoken punctuation  Declarative sentence  Y/N question  open question  Introducing a sentence  Changing the topic

9. Declarative sentences  Lower your pitch at the end  Say the following sentences out loud –She saw that man. –She saw that great big man. –She saw that great big man’s weapon.  (Remember in the news item, the policeman’s voice stayed up if he had an ‘and’ coming, but went down before a long pause.)

10. Y/N questions  Raise your pitch at the end  Listen to the following example

11. Open Questions  Lower your pitch at the end  Listen to the following example

12. Introducing a sentence with an adverbial phrase  Keep your pitch high  Listen to the following sentences –Oz Connected Speech, level 3, Tim, first sentence –Streaming Speech, Chapter 1, first sentence

13. Starting a new topic  Generally start with a high pitch

14. Summary of the theory behind Intonation  Can be found in the Connected Speech tutorials. –Read in your own time, –Listen closely to some of the examples, –mimic.

15. Practice (From Wong 1987)  He: Ready?  She: No.  He: Why?  She: Problems.  He: Problems?  She: Yes.  He: What?  She: Babysitter.

16. How to practice intonation  Both types working all the time  Mimic  Hum along  Shadow-read  Develop audio after-image  Small sections at a time  Listen to yourself

17. Now it’s your time –Work through the examples mentioned in the ppt. (Connected Speech) –Start work on your next speaking Task: Copy Ross’ monologue from the “Friends” clip Focus: Intonation. (Try to make your intonation as exaggerated as his!)