1. Dialogues, Monologues, & Soliloquys

2. A conversation between two or more people Example: Lines 62-111 What makes this dialogue? WHAT IS DIALOGUE?

3. A long, uninterrupted speech by one person to an audience in the play Example: Lines 211-231 What makes this a monologue? WHAT IS A MONOLOGUE?

4. A long, uninterrupted speech by one person to his or her self Example: Lines 1-61 What makes this a soliloquy? WHAT IS A SOLILOQUY?

5. Monologue In a monologue, a speaker is directing his speech toward an audience in the play. It can be directed toward one person or a group of people, such as a general preparing his men for battle. Soliloquy In a soliloquy, a speaker is not directing his speech to anyone other than himself. The speaker is simply thinking aloud, which allows the audience to pick up on what is going on in the play. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? The main difference between a monologue and soliloquy is who the actor is speaking to:

6. Examples Finding Nemo Les Misérables Wizard of Oz Despicable Me Hercules Answers Monologue Soliloquy Monologue Dialogue Soliloquy DIALOGUE, MONOLOGUE, OR SOLILOQUY?

7. Authors use dialogue, monologues, and soliloquys to tell the audience about a character’s motivations. A character’s motivation answers why a character acts in his manner. What’s her driving force? What goal is she trying to reach? In Medea, the Nurse introduces the backstory of the piece through a soliloquy. Right from the beginning, the audience is aware of the history between Jason and Medea from Jason and the Argonauts. What does this tell us about Medea’s motivation? WHAT’S THE POINT?

8. Dramatic, Situational, & Verbal

9. The audience knows more about events than the characters, so the events hold a different meaning for the audience compared to the characters Example: In Romeo & Juliet, the audience knows Juliet isn’t actually dead, but Romeo believes she is, which causes him to die. DRAMATIC IRONY

10. The actual outcome of an event is the opposite of the expected outcome of the event Example: In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the audience expects Professor Snape to be one of the villains. Instead, he was protecting the hero the whole time. SITUATIONAL IRONY

11. What the speaker actually says contradicts what he or she really means Example: In Monty Python’s Life of Brian, Brian tries to explain to a group of people that they are all individuals, which they collectively repeat VERBAL IRONY

12. Examples Mulan Mean Girls Hannah Montana Shrek Caddyshack Answers Dramatic Irony Verbal Irony Dramatic Irony Situational Irony Verbal Irony DRAMATIC, SITUATIONAL, OR VERBAL IRONY?

13. Irony is used for many different things. At times it can be used to create tension, such as in horror movies. It can also be used to create a specific response from the audience, such as pity for an awkward character. It can even be used for humor, such as in Monty Python. In Medea, irony is used for all of these purposes. As you read, keep track of examples of each type of irony and think of why they’re used. WHAT’S THE POINT?