1. Corey Herd Cassidy Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Radford University Patricia Winter Department of Music Therapy Radford University Speech/Language Therapy and Music Therapy: A collaborative approach for the language development of young children

2. Music and the Brain  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVIiY yD2_YU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVIiY yD2_YU

3. Music and the brain cont.  Music stimulates areas of the brain that process:  Emotions, perceptual motor skills, stress and immune responses, cognition, and attention and memory  These sites include:  Frontal lobe  Parietal lobes  Temporal lobes  Cerebellum

4. The Brain Cont.

5. Common processing areas: Music and Language  Music processed in both right and left hemispheres  Musicians process music more in the left brain, whereas non-musicians process music more in the right brain.  Thalamus (motor cortex)  Cerebellum (motor movement, some cognition, essential long-term memory traces for motor learning  Broca’s area is activated by familiar music, as well as rhythm  Wernicke’s areas is activated in the understanding of lyrics  Temporal lobe responsible for hearing perception  Prefrontal Cortex

6. Speech & Language/Music

7. Collaborative Goals for Children with Speech and Language Disorders  Auditory training  Development of speech  Receptive and expressive language  Emergent literacy  Motor skills development  Social skills development

8. Auditory Training  Determining the presence or absence of sound  Determining whether sounds are the same or different  Recognition of sounds based on timbre  Understanding of sounds

9. Development of Speech  Free vocalization  Vocal imitation  Rhythmic vocalization  Vocal phrasing  Vocal dynamics

10. Development of Receptive Language  Joint attention  Following directions  Imitation  Concept development  Memory

11. Development of Expressive Language  Vocal and verbal imitation  Vocabulary acquisition  Sentence construction Syntax and morphology Length of utterance Sequencing of words

12. Emergent Literacy  Rhyme, rhythm, and repetition  Experiential learning  Concept development (characters and plot)  Sequencing of events

13. Motor Skills Development  Impulse control  Motor planning  Feeling and replicating the beat

14. Social Skills Development  Self-expression  Self-confidence  Interpretation of social cues  Peer interaction Imitation Turn taking

15. Collaboration in action!  Funga Alafia or Wake Up Shake Up  Play & Stop  Instrument identification  My Momma Your Momma  Silly Sally  Aka Baka

16. Brain Storming!  How could you use this in a natural or early childhood setting?  When would you consult with or collaborate with an SLP and/or an MT?

17. References  Bolton, C. (2008). Language development and music: Music can help children learn to talk and communicate. Retrieved from www.suite101.com/content/language-developmentand-music-a44431.  Darrow, A. A., & Gfeller, K. (1988). Music therapy with children who are deaf and hard of hearing. In C. A. Furman (Ed.), Effectiveness of MT Procedures: Documentation of Research and Clinical Practice (pp. 230-266). Washington, DC: National Association for Music Therapy.  Gfeller, K., Driscoll, V., Kenworthy, M., & Voorst, V.T. (2011). Music therapy for preschool cochlear implant recipients. Music Therapy Perspectives, 29(1) 39-49.  Gold, C., Wigram, T., & Cochavit, E. (2010). Music therapy for autistic spectrum disorder. Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group. The Cochrane Collaboration, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI: 10. 1002/14651858.CD004381.pub2  Jensen, E. (2001). Arts with the brain in mind. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.  Lim, H.A. (2010). Effect of “developmental speech and language training through music” on speech production in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Music Therapy, 47, 2-26.  Salmon, A. (2010). Using music to promote children’s thinking and enhance their literacy development. Early Childhood Development and Care, 180(7), 937-945.  Trollinger, V.L. (2010). The Brain in Singing and Language. General Music Today, 23(2), 20-23.