1. World War I 1914 - 1918

2. Causes for War Imperialism- Rivalries among European Nations Nationalism- Ethnic Troubles in the Balkans Militarism- Conscription & Military Growth

4. Problems in Serbia Russia controlled Serbia Demand for an independent Slavik State in the Balkans Other nations saw this as a threat

5. The Triple Alliance Formed in 1882 The “Bad Guys” Aka “Central Powers” Includes: –1. Germany –2. Austria-Hungary –3. Italy

6. The Triple Entente Formed in 1907 The “Good Guys” Aka “The Allies” Includes: –1. France –2. Great Britain –3. Russia –4. The United States (1915)

7. A Royal Assassination June 28, 1914 Sarajevo, Bosnia Archduke Francis Ferdinand & pregnant wife Sophia killed The Black Hand- Serbian Terrorists Gavrilo Princip- the assassin Increased tensions between Serbia, Austria-Hungary, and Russia

9. Mobilization for War Emperor William II gives “full support” to Austria-Hungary Czar Nicholas II mobilizes Russian Army Considered an Act of War Aug. 1, 1914 Germany declares war against Russia

10. War Propaganda Used by Governments Influenced public opinion Built up nationalism “War will be over by Christmas”

12. The Schlieffen Plan Gen. Alfred von Schlieffen German Plan for 2 front war Rapid invasion of France in West Fight Russia in the East

13. New Weapons of War Machine Guns Tanks Airplanes & Zeppelins Poison Gas

14. The Western Front & Trench Warfare War of Attrition- wear down the enemy Trenches dug, reinforced w/ wood & barbed wire “War of inches” Battle of Verdun: –France –10 months long –Over 700,000 dead

15. Eastern Front Against Russia More mobile fighting Equally as costly in lives 2.5 million Russians killed, captured, & lost Success of Central Powers in East allowed them to focus on Western Front

16. The Lusitania May 7, 1915 British passenger ship Sunk by Germans near Ireland 1,100 killed 100 Americans Accused of carrying weapons Increases U.S. involvement

18. The War Widens War spreads from Ottoman Empire into the Middle East Lawrence of Arabia- British officer Encouraged revolts against Arab princes German islands in Pacific taken by Allies

20. The U.S. Enters the War Germans doubted U.S. involvement U.S. enters in April 1917 Psychological boost to Allies Increased money, goods, & soldiers

21. Impact on the Home Front Total War- complete mobilization of resources and people Government powers expand DORA Act passed- protestors = traitors Women’s role drastically increased Began fight for women’s rights

23. Russia Approaches Revolution Ruled by Czars Czar Nicholas II takes over military Military & Economic disasters Grigori Rasputin- Siberian Holy man –Assassinated Dec. 1916

25. End of The Romanov Dynasty 300 year old Dynasty Alexis- heir to throne & hemophiliac Rasputin only person able to heal Alexis March Revolution led to fall of dynasty

26. The March Revolution March 8, 1917 10,000 march at Petrograd Demand “Peace and Bread” Duma- Legislative body dissolved Czar Nicholas II forced to step down Soviets- worker and soldier representatives in government

27. Rise of Communism Bolsheviks- Russian Social Democrats Radically interested in the lower class Lead by Lenin Grew from 50,000 to 240,000 members Seized control of govt.

28. Triumph of the Communists Bolsheviks renamed Communists July 16, 1918 Czar Nicholas & family killed Leon Trotsky- organized Red Army War Communism- Govt control of banks and industries 1921-Communists in complete control of Russia

29. End of the War 1917 tough year for the Allies March 1918 Germans launch final offensive Sept. 1918 Germans declare war lost Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice Day- end of war

30. The Peace Settlements 27 Allied nations meet in Paris in 1919 U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proposes “Fourteen Point Plan” to Congress The Paris Peace Conference –Big 3- Great Britain, France, U.S. League of Nations approved Jan. 25, 1919

31. The Treaty of Versailles Signed June 28, 1919 Composed of 5 separate treaties “War Guilt” clause for Germany German military greatly reduced Reparations- Germany ordered to pay $33 Billion over 30 years

32. Results of WWI Eastern Europe Map redrawn Many Ethnic minorities created Russia is Communist Ottoman Empire gone Mandates by League of Nations –France: Lebanon & Syria –Great Britain: Iraq and Palestine

33. Legacy of WWI Over 10 million Dead Total War- affected millions more Freedom of press & speech reduced Strong Central Govts. created Devastation of European landscape