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3. A student performed 2 studies to investigate the factors that affect the germination of peony seeds. Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a separate petri dish. Each petri dish was maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. The temperature and time periods were defined as the germination temperature and the germination period, respectively. Table 1 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish. Passage 3 2

4. A student performed 2 studies to investigate the factors that affect the germination of peony seeds. Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a separate petri dish. Each petri dish was maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. The temperature and time periods were defined as the germination temperature and the germination period, respectively. Table 1 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish. Passage 3 3

5. A student performed 2 studies to investigate the factors that affect the germination of peony seeds. Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a separate petri dish. Each petri dish was maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. The temperature and time periods were defined as the germination temperature and the germination period, respectively. Table 1 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish. Passage 3 4

6. A student performed 2 studies to investigate the factors that affect the germination of peony seeds. Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a separate petri dish. Each petri dish was maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. The temperature and time periods were defined as the germination temperature and the germination period, respectively. Table 1 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish. Passage 3 5

7. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks. The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a petri dish. The petri dishes were maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. Table 2 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish. Tables adapted from Joel Beller, Experimenting with Plants. ©1985 by Joel Beller. 6

8. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks. The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a petri dish. The petri dishes were maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. Table 2 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish. Tables adapted from Joel Beller, Experimenting with Plants. ©1985 by Joel Beller. 7 How does this differ from Study #1:

9. Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks. The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a petri dish. The petri dishes were maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. Table 2 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish. Tables adapted from Joel Beller, Experimenting with Plants. ©1985 by Joel Beller. 8

10. 14. In general, the results of Study 1 suggest that peony seeds that are placed in a petri dish containing damp paper are most likely to germinate when they are maintained at which of the following temperatures? 1. 13°C 2. 18°C 3. 23°C 4. 28°C Passage 3 Questions 9

11. 14. In general, the results of Study 1 suggest that peony seeds that are placed in a petri dish containing damp paper are most likely to germinate when they are maintained at which of the following temperatures? 1. 13°C 2. 18°C 3. 23°C 4. 28°C Passage 3 Questions 10

12. 14. In general, the results of Study 1 suggest that peony seeds that are placed in a petri dish containing damp paper are most likely to germinate when they are maintained at which of the following temperatures? 1. 13°C 2. 18°C 3. 23°C 4. 28°C Passage 3 Questions 11

13. 14. In general, the results of Study 1 suggest that peony seeds that are placed in a petri dish containing damp paper are most likely to germinate when they are maintained at which of the following temperatures? 1. 13°C 2. 18°C 3. 23°C 4. 28°C Passage 3 Questions 12

14. 15. Suppose another set of 25 peony seeds had been included in Study 2 and these seeds had a storage temperature of 25°C and a germination temperature of 18°C. Based on the information provided, the number of seeds that would have germinated after being maintained for 30 days would most likely have been closest to: 1. 0. 2. 8. 3. 16. 4. 24. Passage 3 Questions 13

15. 15. Suppose another set of 25 peony seeds had been included in Study 2 and these seeds had a storage temperature of 25°C and a germination temperature of 18°C. Based on the information provided, the number of seeds that would have germinated after being maintained for 30 days would most likely have been closest to: 1. 0. 2. 8. 3. 16. 4. 24. Passage 3 Questions 14

16. 15. Suppose another set of 25 peony seeds had been included in Study 2 and these seeds had a storage temperature of 25°C and a germination temperature of 18°C. Based on the information provided, the number of seeds that would have germinated after being maintained for 30 days would most likely have been closest to: 1. 0. 2. 8. 3. 16. 4. 24. Passage 3 Questions 15 25 ?

17. 15. Suppose another set of 25 peony seeds had been included in Study 2 and these seeds had a storage temperature of 25°C and a germination temperature of 18°C. Based on the information provided, the number of seeds that would have germinated after being maintained for 30 days would most likely have been closest to: 1. 0. 2. 8. 3. 16. 4. 24. Passage 3 Questions 16 0 25

18. 16.In Study 2, at the storage temperature of 5°C, as germination temperature increased from 13°C to 28°C, the number of seeds that germinated: 1. decreased only. 2. increased only. 3. decreased, then increased. 4. increased, then decreased. Passage 3 Questions 17

19. 16.In Study 2, at the storage temperature of 5°C, as germination temperature increased from 13°C to 28°C, the number of seeds that germinated: 1. decreased only. 2. increased only. 3. decreased, then increased. 4. increased, then decreased. Passage 3 Questions 18

20. 16.In Study 2, at the storage temperature of 5°C, as germination temperature increased from 13°C to 28°C, the number of seeds that germinated: 1. decreased only. 2. increased only. 3. decreased, then increased. 4. increased, then decreased. Passage 3 Questions 19

21. 17.Which of the following sets of seeds were exposed to the same conditions prior to being placed in the petri dishes? 1. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 2. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C 3. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 4. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C Passage 3 Questions 20

22. 17.Which of the following sets of seeds were exposed to the same conditions prior to being placed in the petri dishes? 1. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 2. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C 3. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 4. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C Passage 3 Questions 21 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

23. 17.Which of the following sets of seeds were exposed to the same conditions prior to being placed in the petri dishes? 1. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 2. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C 3. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 4. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C Passage 3 Questions 22 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

24. 17.Which of the following sets of seeds were exposed to the same conditions prior to being placed in the petri dishes? 1. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 2. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C 3. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 4. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C Passage 3 Questions 23 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

25. 17.Which of the following sets of seeds were exposed to the same conditions prior to being placed in the petri dishes? 1. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 2. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C 3. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 4. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C Passage 3 Questions 24 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

26. 17.Which of the following sets of seeds were exposed to the same conditions prior to being placed in the petri dishes? 1. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 2. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C 3. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 4. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C Passage 3 Questions 25 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

27. 17.Which of the following sets of seeds were exposed to the same conditions prior to being placed in the petri dishes? 1. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 2. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 8 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C 3. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 5°C 4. The seeds from Study 1 that were stored for 10 weeks and the seeds from Study 2 that were stored at 15°C Passage 3 Questions 26 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

28. 18. A student stored 100 peony seeds at a constant temperature for 10 weeks. The student then divided the seeds into 4 sets and maintained them as described in Study 2. The results were as follows: These seeds most likely had a storage temperature of: 1. 0°C. 2. 5°C. 3. 10°C. 4. 15°C. Passage 3 Questions 27

29. 18. A student stored 100 peony seeds at a constant temperature for 10 weeks. The student then divided the seeds into 4 sets and maintained them as described in Study 2. The results were as follows: These seeds most likely had a storage temperature of: 1. 0°C. 2. 5°C. 3. 10°C. 4. 15°C. Passage 3 Questions 28

30. 18. A student stored 100 peony seeds at a constant temperature for 10 weeks. The student then divided the seeds into 4 sets and maintained them as described in Study 2. The results were as follows: These seeds most likely had a storage temperature of: 1. 0°C. 2. 5°C. 3. 10°C. 4. 15°C. Passage 3 Questions 29

31. 18. A student stored 100 peony seeds at a constant temperature for 10 weeks. The student then divided the seeds into 4 sets and maintained them as described in Study 2. The results were as follows: These seeds most likely had a storage temperature of: 1. 0°C. 2. 5°C. 3. 10°C. 4. 15°C. Passage 3 Questions 30

32. 18. A student stored 100 peony seeds at a constant temperature for 10 weeks. The student then divided the seeds into 4 sets and maintained them as described in Study 2. The results were as follows: These seeds most likely had a storage temperature of: 1. 0°C. 2. 5°C. 3. 10°C. 4. 15°C. Passage 3 Questions 31

33. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 32

34. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 33 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

35. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 34 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

36. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 35 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

37. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 36 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

38. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 37 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

39. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 38 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

40. 19. The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2: 1. storage temperature was held constant. 2. storage time was held constant. 3. germination temperature was varied. 4. germination time was varied. Passage 3 Questions 39 Study 1 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively. Study 2 Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.

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