1. Vehicle Extrication Firefighter Curriculum: Component 2

2. Overview Terms & Definitions Terms & Definitions Responsibilities Responsibilities Vehicle Recognition Vehicle Recognition Accident Protection Systems Accident Protection Systems Initial Operational Procedures Initial Operational Procedures Stabilization Stabilization Pneumatic Lifting Bags Pneumatic Lifting Bags

3. Terms & Definitions Extrication – safely and efficiently freeing persons, pets, or livestock from entrapment in land-based vehicles of all types. Extrication – safely and efficiently freeing persons, pets, or livestock from entrapment in land-based vehicles of all types. Disentanglement – that part of vehicle extrication that relates to the removal and/or manipulation of vehicle components to allow a properly packaged victim to be removed from the vehicle. Sometimes referred to as removing the vehicle from the victim. Disentanglement – that part of vehicle extrication that relates to the removal and/or manipulation of vehicle components to allow a properly packaged victim to be removed from the vehicle. Sometimes referred to as removing the vehicle from the victim. Rescue – that part of vehicle extrication that relates to assessing, stabilizing, protecting, and removing a victim from entrapment. Rescue – that part of vehicle extrication that relates to assessing, stabilizing, protecting, and removing a victim from entrapment.

4. Terms & Definitions S.A.F.E. Stop And First Evaluate Stop And First EvaluateFreeze FREEZE! FREEZE! Hand on Shoulder Stop what you’re doing and listen Stop what you’re doing and listen Control Zones – hot, warm and cold Hot Zone – restricted access area immediately surrounding the scene, and only those directly involved in the extrication operation are allowed in this area. (rescue sector officer & crew) Hot Zone – restricted access area immediately surrounding the scene, and only those directly involved in the extrication operation are allowed in this area. (rescue sector officer & crew) Warm Zone – where those in support of the extrication operation may function. (power plant for rescue tools and charged hose line) Warm Zone – where those in support of the extrication operation may function. (power plant for rescue tools and charged hose line) Cold Zone – where incident command and related functions can be conducted. (tools, trucks and personnel staging) Cold Zone – where incident command and related functions can be conducted. (tools, trucks and personnel staging)

5. Responsibilities Police: Prevent further accidents Prevent further accidents Traffic control Traffic control Arrange for additional resources (i.e. tow truck) Arrange for additional resources (i.e. tow truck) Investigate cause and violations Investigate cause and violationsAmbulance: Evaluate patient condition Evaluate patient condition Provide medical care – stabilize, package Provide medical care – stabilize, package Remove patient Remove patient Transport patient Transport patientFire: IMS IMS Prevent/Control/Extinguish fires Prevent/Control/Extinguish fires Extrication Extrication Assist medical personnel Assist medical personnel

6. Vehicle Recognition Body on Frame Unibody

9. Unibody Cast magnesium transverse beam behind the instrument panel. Door hinges secured by thick through-bolts located in A- and B-pillars. One-piece hydroformed body side rings. Triple-rolled A-post design resists roof collapse. Shock towers connected solidly to instrument panel. Lateral tie bars that connect the front longitudinal rails were closed to stiffen the front structure and improve crashworthiness. Hydroformed engine cradle ( not shown )

10. Unibody

11. Accident Protection Systems

12. Activation can be electrical, mechanical or pyrotechnic Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS) Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS) Side Impact Protection Systems (SIPS) Side Impact Protection Systems (SIPS) Head Protection Systems (HPS) Head Protection Systems (HPS) Seat belt pretensioners Seat belt pretensioners Knee bolsters Knee bolsters Side impact beams Side impact beams Energy absorbing bumpers Energy absorbing bumpers Rollover Protection Systems (ROPS) Rollover Protection Systems (ROPS)

13. Airbags Steering Wheel Steering Wheel Dash Dash Seats Seats Doors Doors Knees Knees A-Post/Roof A-Post/Roof Side Impact Curtains Side Impact Curtains Head and Torso Airbag Head and Torso Airbag Head/Thorax Airbag Head/Thorax Airbag Intelligent Airbags Intelligent Airbags

14. Airbags 5-10-20 Rule 5-10-20 Rule Side impact – 5” deployment zone Side impact – 5” deployment zone Steering wheel – 10” deployment zone Steering wheel – 10” deployment zone Dash – 20” deployment zone Dash – 20” deployment zone Capacitors – Designed to hold a charge up to 30 minutes for secondary impact Capacitors – Designed to hold a charge up to 30 minutes for secondary impact

15. Seatbelt Pretensioners Located in B posts or on the buckle side of seats Located in B posts or on the buckle side of seats Designed to tighten or back wind seat belt during frontal collisions Designed to tighten or back wind seat belt during frontal collisions Deployed only with the front airbags Deployed only with the front airbagsSolution? Cut the seat belt early in the extrication Cut the seat belt early in the extrication Disconnect the battery Disconnect the battery Look before you cut! Look before you cut!

16. Seatbelt Pretensioners

20. Initial Operational Procedures

21. Size Up Starts from time of dispatch or earlier (pre-plan) Starts from time of dispatch or earlier (pre-plan) Ongoing throughout Ongoing throughout Types of Collisions: Head-on Head-on Rear-end Rear-end T-bone T-bone Rollover Rollover Water Water

22. Size Up Captains Arrival Report: Paint a picture for dispatch and other crews Paint a picture for dispatch and other crews Be professional, concise and calm Be professional, concise and calm You are setting the tone of the call You are setting the tone of the call Think before you speak Think before you speak Should include: Incident location Incident location Observations – # of vehicles/patients Observations – # of vehicles/patients Additional resources required Additional resources required Resources already on scene Resources already on scene Actions to be taken Actions to be taken Incident commander Incident commander

23. Intersection of Princess & Church

24. 7456 CR-18

25. Highway #6 and CR-51

26. Tim Hortons Parking lot

27. Size Up Outer and inner circle checks (mandatory) Outer and inner circle checks (mandatory) Can be done quickly if you work as a team Can be done quickly if you work as a team Outer circle check first Outer circle check first Once safe, proceed with inner check of each vehicle involved Once safe, proceed with inner check of each vehicle involved Hazards – Update Captain Hazards – Update Captain

28. Size Up What are you looking for during the outer circle check? Hazards – hydro, damage to structures Hazards – hydro, damage to structures Other vehicles Other vehicles Patients thrown from vehicle – TIC Patients thrown from vehicle – TIC Firefighter looking after patient should make verbal contact at this time Firefighter looking after patient should make verbal contact at this time

29. Size Up What are you looking for during the inner circle checks? # of patients in or around vehicle # of patients in or around vehicle Severity of injuries/entrapments Severity of injuries/entrapments Hazards – fire, fuel leaks, vehicle in drive, keys in ignition, airbags deployed, alternative fuel sources Hazards – fire, fuel leaks, vehicle in drive, keys in ignition, airbags deployed, alternative fuel sources Rubber set windows?? Rubber set windows??

30. Stabilization Scene 1 st Vehicle 2 nd Patient 3 rd

31. Stabilization Stabilize Scene: Charged hose line Charged hose line Spills (Hazmat, fuel) Spills (Hazmat, fuel) Toxic gases Toxic gases Electrical Electrical Traffic control Traffic control Crowd control Crowd control

32. Stabilization Stabilize Vehicle: Never test stability of vehicle! Never test stability of vehicle! Cribbing Cribbing Shoring Shoring Winches Winches Chains/Straps/Ropes Chains/Straps/Ropes Neutralize vehicle hazards (SRS) Neutralize vehicle hazards (SRS)

33. Stabilization Stabilize Patient: ABC’s ABC’s First aid First aid Protect from operations, environment, weather Protect from operations, environment, weather Monitor until EMS relieves Monitor until EMS relieves

34. Pneumatic Lifting Bags

35. Various shapes and sizes Various shapes and sizes High, medium and low pressure High, medium and low pressure

36. Pneumatic Lifting Bags Plan operation before starting the work Plan operation before starting the work Be familiar with equipment Be familiar with equipment Have an adequate air supply and sufficient cribbing on hand before beginning operations Have an adequate air supply and sufficient cribbing on hand before beginning operations Position bags on or against a solid surface Position bags on or against a solid surface Never inflate bags against sharp objects – use protective mats Never inflate bags against sharp objects – use protective mats Never inflate bags fully unless they are under load Never inflate bags fully unless they are under load Inflate bags slowly and monitor them continuously for any shifting Inflate bags slowly and monitor them continuously for any shifting Never work under a load supported only by lifting bags Never work under a load supported only by lifting bags Do not stand in front of pressurized bags Do not stand in front of pressurized bags

37. Pneumatic Lifting Bags Shore up the load with enough cribbing to support the load in case of bag failure Shore up the load with enough cribbing to support the load in case of bag failure Interrupt the process frequently to increase cribbing – lift an inch, crib an inch Interrupt the process frequently to increase cribbing – lift an inch, crib an inch Ensure that the top tier is solid when using box cribbing Ensure that the top tier is solid when using box cribbing Avoid exposing bags to materials hotter than 220°F (104°C). Avoid exposing bags to materials hotter than 220°F (104°C). Never stack more than two bags; centre the bags with smaller bag on top and inflate the bottom bag first (½ full), then inflate the top bag fully. Never stack more than two bags; centre the bags with smaller bag on top and inflate the bottom bag first (½ full), then inflate the top bag fully. Stacked bags can only lift the capacity of the lowest rated bag Stacked bags can only lift the capacity of the lowest rated bag

38. Pneumatic Lifting Bags Max Lifting Capacity: Small – 20.8 US tons or 41600 lbs Small – 20.8 US tons or 41600 lbs Large – 34.2 US tons or 68400 lbs Large – 34.2 US tons or 68400 lbs Full of water, Tanker 67 weighs 45600 lbs. Is it safe to lift the tanker with our high pressure air bags stacked? Answer: No, call for additional rescue and use two large bags.