1. Chapter 7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture

2. Water and Atmospheric Moisture Water on Earth Unique Properties of Water Humidity Atmospheric Stability Clouds and Fog

3. Land and Water Hemispheres Figure 7.2

4. Ocean and Freshwater Distribution Figure 7.3

5. Unique Properties of Water Heat Properties Phase change Sublimation Latent heat Vaporization Condensation Heat Properties of Water in Nature Latent heat of sublimation

6. Basics about Water: 2 atoms hydrogen + 1 atom oxygen make a covalent bond (very strong) so water is very stable Molecule is shaped like a bent paperclip the positive H side attracts the negative O side of a neighboring water molecule called hydrogen bonding (weak) with the O side having a negative charge and the H side having a positive charge

7. Hydrogen bonding Responsible for the surface tension of water allows heavier things like bugs to stand on top of the surface of water allows you to slightly overfill a glass of water without it spilling over. Responsible for capillary action what happens when you set the edge of a papertowel down on a puddle of water? The water is pulled into the dry part of the towel because each molecule is drawing the next molecule in Same thing happens in soils, which will become important when we talk about the hydrologic cycle

8. Phase changes Figure 7.4 1.Sublimination 2.Condensation – Evaporation 3.Freezing - Melting

9. Figure 4.10 Heat Transfer Heat added Temperature ( o C) 0 100 Melting Ice Water Water Vapor Boiling

10. Latent and sensible heat Heat added Temperature ( o C) 0 100 Melting Ice Water Water Vapor Boiling

11. Latent heat Heat added Temperature ( o C) 0 100 Melting Ice Water Vapor Boiling

12. Water density

13. Humidity Relative Humidity Saturation Dew point Expressions of Relative Humidity Vapor pressure Specific humidity Instruments

14. Relative Humidity Figure 7.7 Actual water vapor content of air Maximum water vapor capacity of air x 100 = Dew Point Temperature

15. Saturation Vapor Pressure

16. Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Figure 7.9

17. Global Latent Heat Figure 4.19

18. Daily Humidity Patterns Figure 7.10

19. Seasonal Humidity Patterns Figure 7.10 Winter Summer

20. Humidity Instruments – hair hygrometer Figure 7.13

21. Humidity Instruments – Sling Hygrometer Figure 7.13 Rate of evaporation is faster (more heat loss) when humidity is low

22. Atmospheric Stability Will the Balloon float up or stay where it is (or sink downward)? If the air in the balloon is less dense than the air outside  it floats up If the air in the balloon is more dense than the air outside  it sinks

23. Adiabatic Processes Figure 7.16

24. Clouds and Fog Cloud Formation Processes Cloud Types and Identification Fog

25. Cloud Formation Figure 7.20 Moisture droplet Cloud-condensation nuclei

26. Cloud Types and Identification Figure 7.22

27. Figure 7.23 Cumulonimbus Development

28. Advection Fog – air migrates up or down and becomes saturated with water vapor Figure 7.24

29. Advection Fog –Valley Fog Figure 7.25

30. Advection Fog – upslope Fog

31. Radiation Fog Figure 7.26

32. Fog Harvesting

34. End of Chapter 7 Geosystems 5e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen