1. Phases of Matter and Phase Changes

2. HEAT Heat is one form of ___________________
Other forms of energy include:
Light
Sound
Nuclear
Kinetic (energy of motion)
Potential (stored energy)

3. HEAT Heat is one form of ENERGY Other forms of energy include: Light
Sound
Nuclear
Kinetic (energy of motion)
Potential (stored energy)

4. Heat is... A measure of how much ____________ energy matter has
Particles with high heat are moving at a ____________ average speed
Particles with low heat are moving at a ___________ average speed

5. Heat is... A measure of how much kinetic energy matter has
Particles with high heat are moving at a HIGH average speed
Particles with low heat are moving at a LOW average speed

6. Heat Transfer
When we talk about the transfer of heat, we are really talking about transferring ___________.
Heat always moves from the ____________ object to the _____________ object.

7. Heat Transfer
When we talk about the transfer of heat, we are really talking about transferring ENERGY
Heat always moves from the HOTTER object to the COOLER object.

8. Heat and the Motion of Molecules
When we add heat (energy to molecules), it does WHAT to their motion?
Heating water animation:

9. Heat and the Motion of Molecules
When we add heat (energy to molecules), it does WHAT to their motion?
Heat increases the motion and energy level of the molecules
Heating water animation:

10. Phases of Matter There are four main phases of matter:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
______________?
________ is the phase where molecules have the most energy
________ is the phase where molecules have the least energy

11. Phases of Matter There are four main phases of matter:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
PLASMA...we will not study in depth, but technically has the most energy
GAS is the phase where molecules have the most energy
SOLID is the phase where molecules have the least energy

12. Phases of Matter: Solid
Particles have little motion/energy; they are packed/joined together tightly
Particles are very organized
Do NOT move to fit the shape of their container and do not fill the container (they keep their original shape)
It is hard to compress or
change the shape of a solid

13. Phases of Matter: Liquid
Particles have more motion/energy; joined together more loosely
Particles WILL take on the shape of their container but will not fill it entirely
Molecules of a liquid like
to stick together. Liquids
are hard to compress.

14. Phases of Matter: Gases
Particles have a great deal of energy and do not stick together closely; they bounce around a lot!
WILL spread out to fill entire container and fit the shape of the container they are in
Gases=vapor
Gases are easily
compressed

15. Phases of Matter: Plasma
Similar to gases, but made up of ions and electrons of an element
Examples: Northern lights, neon lights, stars
Require a special environment to exist

16. Phase Changes
A phase change is when we change from __________ state of matter to _____________________.
Example: _______________________

17. A phase change is when we change from one state of matter to another
Phase Changes
A phase change is when we change from one state of matter to another
Example: A solid changing to a liquid

18. Phases of Matter
In the boxes below draw the three phases of matter. Use 20 molecules for each phase.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

19. Phases of Matter

20. Names for Phase Changes
Solid to liquid:
Liquid to gas:
Solid to gas:
Gas to liquid:
Liquid to solid:
Gas to solid:

21. Names for Phase Changes
Solid to liquid: MELTING
Liquid to gas: VAPORIZATION/BOILING
Solid to gas: SUBLIMATION
Gas to liquid: CONDENSATION
Liquid to solid: FREEZING
Gas to solid: DEPOSITION

22. Names for Phase Changes

23. HIGH ENERGY: GAS MEDIUM ENERGY: LIQUID Low energy: solid REMOVE ADD

24. Phase Changes
To go to a state of matter involving MORE energy, we must ___________ energy. We can do this by _________ the substance.
Examples: If we heat ice (____), it will turn into water (______), and will eventually boil and turn into water vapor (_____)

25. Phase Changes
To go to a state of matter involving MORE energy, we must ADD energy. We can do this by HEATING the substance.
Examples: If we heat ice (solid), it will turn into water (liquid), and will eventually boil and turn into water vapor (gas)

26. Phase Changes
To go to a state of matter involving LESS energy, we must ___________ energy. We can do this by _________ the substance.
Examples: Water vapor (______) from your hot shower condenses on a cold mirror (________). If you leave a window open, it might turn into ice droplets (________).

27. Phase Changes
To go to a state of matter involving LESS energy, we must REMOVE energy. We can do this by COOLING the substance.
Examples: Water vapor (gas) from your hot shower condenses on a cold mirror (liquid). If you leave a window open, it might turn into ice droplets (solid).

28. Check your understanding
What are the three main states of matter?
__________ ___________ ___________
List these three states of matter from the state with the LEAST amount of energy to the state with the MOST energy:
___________ ___________ ___________
To go from a gas to a liquid, would you need to ADD energy (heat) or RELEASE energy (cool)?
____________________

29. Check your understanding
What are the three main states of matter?
___GAS___ ___LIQUID___ ___SOLID___
List these three states of matter from the state with the LEAST amount of energy to the state with the MOST energy:
___SOLID___ ___LIQUID___ ___GAS___
To go from a gas to a liquid, would you need to ADD energy (heat) or RELEASE energy (cool)?
___RELEASE___

30. Melting Points and Boiling Points are Properties of Matter
We observed that water __________ at 0 degrees Celsius
We observed that water ________ at 100 degrees Celsius
Water’s natural state at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) is as a __________

31. Melting Points and Boiling Points are Properties of Matter
We observed that water MELTS/FREEZES at 0 degrees Celsius
We observed that water BOILS/CONDENSES at 100 degrees Celsius
Water’s natural state at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) is as a LIQUID

32. Different Substances will have Different Boiling Points and Melting Points
What is the natural state of oxygen at room temperature?
Could we condense nitrogen? Could we freeze nitrogen?
Can you name three substances that are solids at room temperature?

33. Check your Understanding
Why are melting points and boiling points considered to be properties of matter?
Can you look at a Phase Change Graph and tell at which temperature the substance begins melting and begins boiling?

34. Phase Change Graphs

35. Phase Change Graphs