1. General Properties of Matter and Phase Changes
Chapter 2/3

2. All matter has these general properties
Mass
Weight
Volume
Density

3. Matter Takes up space Has mass Includes solids, liquids, and gas
(Fourth state of matter is plasma)

4. Properties Can be physical or chemical
Physical can be color, shape, texture, etc…

5. Volume The amount of space an object takes up
Measured in liters, milliliters, and cubic centimeters

6. Measuring Volume Water displacement for irregularly shaped objects
Use L X W X H for regularly shaped objects

7. Matter and Mass mass weight
Measure of the amount of matter
Always constant
Triple beam balance
Expressed in kg, g, mg
Based on gravity
Where object is in relation to Earth
Spring scale
newtons

8. Inertia
Resistance to change in motion
More mass = more inertia.

9. Physical Properties
Properties that you can see… color, taste, smell, mass, weight, volume
thermal conductivity rate of heat transfer
physical form: solid, liquid, gas gas

10. Mass per unit of volume
Solubility one substance to
dissolve in another
Ductility metals pulled into thin wires
Malleability metal into thin sheets

11. Density Mass per unit volume
Allows you to compare different types of matter
Measured in g/ml or g/cm²

13. Calculating Density

14. Sample Problem
If 10 grams of gold has a volume of 2 cubic cm, what is its density?
10/2 = 5 g/cm³

15. Density
If an object’s density is less than 1g/ml it floats. If it is greater than it sinks.

16. FUN FACT:
Did you know that the density of Saturn is less than 1 g/mL so it would float in our ocean if we could bring it here on earth and fit it into the ocean?

17. Physical Changes
Physical changes affect physical properties and do not make a new substance. Most common is the change in the phase of a substance.

18. Matter can exist in four phases: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma

20. Solids Have a definite shape Have a definite volume
Little molecular motion
Molecules are packed close together

21. Solids cont.
Solids that are arranged in a repeating pattern are called crystals examples rubies, table salt, fluorine
Solids that loose their shape under certain conditions are called amorphous solids examples wax, glass, tar

22. Liquids Have a definite volume Do not have a definite shape
Molecules move around
Molecules are not packed as close together as in solids

23. Liquids
Surface tension the force that acts on the particles at the surface
Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow

24. Gases Does not have a definite shape a definite size Particles are
spread far apart

25. Plasma The most common form of matter Rarely found on Earth
High energy
Dangerous to man
Found in Universe

27. The Kinetic Theory of Matter Explanation of how matter behaves
All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, and ions).
These particles are in constant random motion.
These particles are colliding with each other and the walls of their containers

28. Please just a little more!!!!! I CAN WRITE FOREVER.
I want to keep on writing.

29. Phase Changes

31. Phase Changes The amount of energy contained in matter is responsible for the differences in phases of matter

32. Melting: Heat of Fusion
The actual temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid is the melting point known as the Heat of Fusion.

33. Freezing Opposite of melting
The point at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
Freezing point = melting point
Adding substances to water can lower the freezing point

34. Liquid to Gas: Heat of Vaporization
Evaporation occurs at the surface of water
Boiling occurs at the bottom when the temperature reaches the boiling point know as the Heat of Vaporization

35. Condensation Opposite of boiling
The point at which a gas becomes a liquid
Examples: outside of a cold glass or dew on the grass

36. Other Phase Changes Sublimation Solid to a gas
Example is freezer burned food, dry ice
Deposition
Gas to a solid
Example is frozen dew on the grass

38. Is That Enough Yet!!!!!!