1. Chapter 1 The Science of Life

2. I. Themes of Biology A. Cell Structure and Function 1. Unicellular 2. Multicellular 3. Cell differentiation

4. B. Stability and Homeostasis The ability to maintain a stable level of internal conditions.

6. C. Reproduction and Inheritance - transfer of genetic material from parents to offspring. 1. Asexual reproduction

7. 2. Sexual reproduction

8. D. Evolution A theory that species change over time due to natural selection.

11. E. Interdependence of Organisms 1. Ecology - interaction of organisms and their environment.

13. F. Matter, Energy, and Organization 1. Autotroph - produces nutrients by photosynthesis. Plants Algae Cyanobacteria

14. 2. Heterotrophs - obtain nutrients. Animals Fungi

15. II. The World of Biology A. Characteristics of Life 1. Composed of Cells - microscopic units of life. 2. Organized at the molecular and cellular levels.......functions.

16. 3. Use energy in a process called metabolism......allows for growth. 4. Homeostasis - internal balance. 5. Growth - occurs through cell division. 6. Reproduction - continuity of the species.

17. 6 Kingdom Classification System

18. III. Scientific Methods A. Processes used to develop questions or discover facts.

19. 1. Observing 2. Collecting data 3. Measuring data 4. Organizing data

20. 5. Classifying 6. Hypothesizing 7. Predicting 8. Experimenting

21. 9. Analyzing data 10. Modeling 11. Inferring 12. Communicating

22. B. Scientific Method - a logical, orderly way to solve a problem or answer a question.

24. 1. Define the problem. 2. Research. 3. Form hypothesis - trial solution. 4. Experiment to test hypothesis. Experimental group - variable tested. Control group - “comparison”. Steps:

25. 5. Observe and record data. 6. Draw conclusions. Theory - hypothesis supported by many experiments. Law - theory supported by many experiments.

26. IV. Microscopy and Measurement A. Microscopes 1. Light microscope - light produces the image. Magnification - enlarge. Resolution - clarity.

27. Video - “Introduction to the Microscope”

28. Light Microscop e

29. Total Magnification = eyepiece x objective

30. 2. Electron Microscope - uses a beam of electrons focused by magnets to produce an image. TEM - very powerful. SEM - 3-D image.

31. TEM

32. TEM Micrograph: nucleus of a cell

33. SEM

34. SEM Micrograph: Head of a fly