1. Cells Chapter 7

2. cell – basic unit of all organisms

3. I. History A.Before microscopes -diseases thought to be caused by magic B. After microscopes -Robert Hooke – scientist who first observed cells -he looked at cork (dead bark) -saw geometric compartments and called them “cells”

5. II. Cell Theory A.All organisms are composed of one or more cells. B.The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in all organisms. C.All cells come from preexisting cells.

6. III. Microscopes A.compound light microscope – uses light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps - up to 1500X magnification

7. III. Microscopes… B.electron microscope – uses a beam of electrons to magnify objects - up to 500,000X magnification - 3D possible -view structures within cells

9. IV. Cell Types A.Prokaryotic cells - have no nuclei -have no membrane-bound organelles -ex. bacteria; called “prokaryotes”

10. nucleus – control center of the cell; the central membrane-bound organelle that manages or controls cell functions organelles – small, specialized structures within the cell

11. IV. Cell types… B.Eukaryotic cells -have nuclei -have membrane-bound organelles -ex. people, all animals and plants called “eukaryotes”

13. Video: Unicellular organisms http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ tdc02/sci/life/stru/singlecell/index.html http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ tdc02/sci/life/stru/singlecell/index.html

16. Cell membrane Found in: All cells Function: –Protection –Controls what enters and leaves the cell

17. Cell wall Found in: Plant cells (and fungi & some bacteria) Function: –Protection, support

18. Nucleus Found in: All cells except prokaryotes Function: –Controls cell activities –Contains the genetic material of the cell

19. Nucleolus Found in: All cells except prokaryotes Function: –Found in cell’s nucleus –Make ribosomes

20. Ribosome Found in: All cells Function: –Makes proteins for the cell

21. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Found in: All cells except prokaryotes Function: –Folded membrane that carries material within the cell

22. Golgi apparatus Found in: All cells except prokaryotes Function: –Packages proteins and ships them around the cell

23. Mitochondrion Found in: All cells except prokaryotes Function: –Breaks down glucose to release energy

24. Chloroplast Found in: Plant cells (and some others, too) Function: –Photosynthesis

25. Vacuole Found in: All cells (larger in plant cells) Function: –Store food and wastes

26. Lysosome Found in: Animal and plant cells Function: –Digest old cell parts

27. Cytoplasm Found in: All cells Function: –Gel-like fluid inside cell –Protects organelles and keeps them in place