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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Supporting Spirituality Spirituality in nursing Recognized as component of person’s well- being Holistic health
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Concepts of Spirituality Spirituality an abstract and elusive term defined as an attachment to the values of the spirit, an immaterial aspect Sense of connectedness with oneself, others, nature, and/or God faith connectedness with mind, body, spirit. Religion Belief system, including dogma, rituals, and traditions
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Concepts of Spirituality Faith Belief or commitment to something or someone that helps a person realize purpose Atheist has no faith in God or a Supreme Being Agnostic is undecided Spirituality and health Spiritual well-being Spiritual health Spiritual distress
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Major Religions Describe: Hinduism Buddhism Taoism Judaism Christianity Islam Native American religion
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Factors Affecting Spirituality Factors across the life span Children: teaching and learning focus Adolescents and young adults: time of questioning Middle adults: reevaluation of life priorities Older adults: spirituality increasingly more important Physiological factors Can initiate a spiritual conflict Cultural/lifestyle factors Influence spiritual needs and preferences Psychosocial factors
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. spiritual health sense of personal fulfillment peace with self and world fulfillment in life has a basic purpose in life;experiences joy, love,peace
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. characteristics of spiritual well being Concern for others and self sense of meaning and enjoyment in life commitment to purposes greater than the self sense of connectedness means for moving through debilitating guilt, anger or anxiety life affirming relationships or interconnectedness with God or a supreme being, self, community, and environment
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. General Assessment Health history Religious preference Spiritual beliefs and practices Spiritual assessment tools o Is God important to you right now? o Has God been important in the past? o Are your religious practices meaningful for you now? Were they in the past? o Have you found your prayers to be helpful now? In the past? o Has your current illness affected your spiritual experiences?
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Focused Assessments For Spiritual distress Impaired ability to experience or integrate meaning of life through connections Challenged belief and value system Separation from religious or cultural ties For Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being Inner strengths Unfolding mystery Connection with self, others, environment, and God or a Supreme Being
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Focused Assessments For Impaired religiosity Difficulty in maintaining required practices or rituals Emotional distress due to separation For Readiness for enhanced spiritual religiosity Acknowledges need for participation Asks for clergy, rabbi, or religious leader Expresses need for forgiveness or reconciliation with others
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Diagnoses Defining characteristics Client’s relationship to God or a Supreme Being Client’s beliefs and values Client’s search for meaning and purpose in life Related diagnoses Ineffective coping Hopelessness Dysfunctional grieving
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Planning (Expected Outcomes) Spiritual distress Nurse establishes expected outcomes with client Target dates may be unrealistic owing to complex nature of spiritual domain Develop an inner spiritual peace and well-being Create, maintain, or renew relationships Love expressed through relationships Nurse helps client search for meaning Need for hope
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Planning (Expected Outcomes) Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being Expresses a heightened sense of connectedness with self, others, environment, or God or a Supreme Being Impaired religiosity Strengthens reliance on religious beliefs and practices Additional outcomes based on individual needs
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Interventions Spiritual distress Communicating effectively Active listening Being present with the client Promoting a spiritual environment Helping the client maintain relationships Helping the client explore meaning
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Interventions Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being Encouraging hope Helping client interpret crises as spiritual growth Helping client deal with suffering
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Interventions Impaired religiosity Encouraging participation in religious practices Providing access to spiritual leaders Readiness for enhanced spiritual religiosity Assists clients with use of religious practices Identify clients at risk for excessive dependence on religious beliefs
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Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Evaluation Characteristics of spiritual well-being Sense of inner peace Compassion for others Reverence for life Gratitude Appreciation of both unity and diversity Humor Wisdom Generosity Ability to transcend the self Capacity for unconditional love
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