1. Chapter 2 The Planting of English America
Should the European encounter with the Indian peoples of the Americas be understood primarily as a story of conquest and exploitation, or as one of mutual cultural encounter that brought beneficial as well as tragic results for both?

2. Chapter 2 The Planting of English America
What were the diverse purposes of England's American colonies and how were those purposes altered in the early years of settlement?

3. The Settlement
of the
Chesapeake

4. Chapter 2
The Planting of
English America

5. The Planting of English America
England's Imperial Stirrings King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s, launching the English Protestant Reformation, and intensifying the rivalry with Catholic Spain.

6. The Planting of English America
Sir Francis Drake
In 1580, Drake circumnavigated the globe, plundering and returning his ship loaded with Spanish booty. He had a profit of about 4,600%.

7. The Planting of English America
Elizabeth Energizes England When the English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada, Spain's empirical dreams and fighting spirit had been weakened - helping to ensure the English's naval dominance over the North Atlantic.

8. England on the Eve Of Empire
Because an economic depression hit England in the later part of the 1500s and many people were left without homes, the stage was set for the establishment of an English beachhead in North America.

9. The London Company, 1606

10. Jamestown Settlement, 1609

11. Chesapeake Bay

12. Jamestown Settlement

13. Jamestown Fort, 1609

14. Jamestown Settlement

15. Jamestown Housing

16. Jamestown Chapel, 1611

17. Captain John Smith

18. Chief Powhatan

19. Powhatan Confederacy

20. Powhatan Indian Village

21. Indian Foods

22. Pocahontas

23. Pocahontas

24. John Rolfe

25. Tobacco Plant

26. Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

27. Tobacco Prices:

28. Jamestown Colonization Pattern: 1620-1660

29. Indian Uprisings

30. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
Indian Uprisings
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
Lord De La Warr reached Jamestown in 1610 with supplies and military. He started the First Anglo-Powhatan War.

31. Virginia: Child of Tobacco
Indian Uprisings
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
John Rolfe married Pocahontas in 1614, ending the First Anglo-Powhatan War.

32. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
2nd Anglo-Powhatan War
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
The Indians were again defeated in the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644.

33. English Migration:
Headright System

34. Indentured Servitude

35. Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?

36. Virginia House of Burgesses
In 1619, self-government was made in Virginia. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly, known as the House of Burgesses.

37. Virginia House of Burgesses
King James I didn't trust the House of Burgesses and so in 1624, he made Virginia a colony of England, directly under his control.

38. 1st African Slaves arrive
in Jamestown

39. 17th century Population in the Chesapeake

40. Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750

41. Colonization of Maryland

42. George Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore
Maryland
Catholic Haven
Formed in 1634 by Lord Baltimore.
The colony was made for a refuge for the Catholics to escape the wrath of the Protestant English government.

43. George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
The Act of Toleration, which was passed in 1649 by the local representative group in Maryland, granted toleration to all Christians.

44. The West Indian Islands
By the mid-17th Century, England had secured its claim to several West Indian Islands.
Sugar was, by far, the major crop on the Indian Islands.

45. The West Indian Islands
To support the massive sugar crops, millions of African slaves were imported. By 1700, the number of black slaves to white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly 4 to 1.

46. The West Indian Islands
In order to control the large number of slaves, the Barbados Slave Code of 1661 denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves.

47. Colonizing the Carolinas
Civil war plagued England in the 1640s.
Charles II restored to English throne.

48. Colonizing the Carolinas
1663 – King Charles II creates the Carolina Charter.

49. Colonizing the Carolinas
In 1707, the Savannah Indians decided to end their alliance with the Carolinians and migrate to the back country of Maryland or the new colony of Pennsylvania.

50. Colonizing the Carolinas
Almost all of the Indians were killed in raids before they could depart - in 1710.

51. Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania, a new colony founded by Quakers under William Penn promised better relations.

52. Rice became the primary export of the Carolinas.

53. Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676 Governor William Berkeley

54. Governor Berkeley’s “Fault Line”