2. Communication  Process of creating meaning though symbolic interaction  Process of sending/receiving messages Verbal Nonverbal Characteristics of Communication Cannot not communicate Irreversible Learned Process/Continuous One thing depends on other-Previous knowledge Not individual act Symbolic-symbols & rules make communication possible Arbitrarily assigned

3. Interactive process where people exchange & interpret messages with one another 1. Source or sender 2. Encoding-thoughts  messages  Language, sentences, structure thoughts, ideas… 3. Message-content being communicated 4. Channel-medium of message  Phone, television, air, computer

4. 5. Receiver-recipient / target or intended audience  processes messages through their frame of reference  interpretation influenced by the receiver’s frame of reference 6. Decoding-interpretation (message-  thoughts) 7. Feedback- response

5. Note* The following 2 can occur at any point during the communication process. Noise-interference or interruptions  Internal  External Context- purpose, time and place, social, political and economic atmosphere, physical setting, etc.

6. Communication Model

7. Communication as Transaction Communication also happens simultaneously. Sender also receives message. Receiver also sends message.

8. Communication is often described according to the number of people involved 1-Dyadic Communication 2-Small Group Communication 3-Mass Communication  between speaker & large audience of unknown people  receivers not present  mediated  lacks instant feedback/interaction 4-Public Speaking  speaker delivers message with specific purpose  audience present  opportunity for feedback

9. Formal Allows for instant feedback Planned and prepared Audience centered Cultural sensitivity important in PS Context important in PS environment/situation in which speech occurs

10. 1. Career benefits Corporations want skilled speakers:  to adapt information,  to be organized, and  to keep listeners interested. Communication: top skills ought by employers. 2. Personal benefits  Helps achieve personal goals (empowerment)  Allows you to influence  Allows you to share values-different perspectives introduced because of it  Improves critical thinking and listening skills  Shows confidence and conviction 3. Educational benefits

11.  Oratory, rhetoric, public speaking-began in Greece (Aristotle, Socrates) Sophists (travelling speech teachers) contributed to early form of democracy by teaching citizens of Greece to claim ownership of properties through public debates. Greek rhetoricians, such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle laid foundation for public debates in the democratic process of government Ancient Egypt, China, India-public speaking viewed as important way to persuade rulers of empires to engage in social change in order to maintain stability and prosperity.

12.  5 parts to the process of preparing a speech according to ancient Greeks Canons of Rhetoric 1-Invention-adapting speech information to audience in order to make case 2-Arrangement-organization of speech 3-Style-use of language to express ideas 4-Memory-practice of the speech for delivery 5-Delivery-vocal and nonverbal behavior used during speaking

13. 15 th Century – Public speaking used mostly by clergy 18 th Century – Public speaking used by American patriots to promote independence 19 th Century – Public speaking plays role in abolition and suffrage movements 21 st Century – Technology & media revolutionize how people communicate

14. Analyzing a Communication Event Consider a recent communication event from your life- asking a friend for favor, trying to persuade your employer that you were deserving of a raise, or resolving a relationship conflict. Identify the seven communication components within the event and explain how they contributed to the success or failure of the communication event. Be prepared to discuss your thoughts and feelings in class.