1. Variations on a Theme

2. What characteristics are Shared by each of these Species? Species Characteristics

3. Individual characteristics- make a person unique

4. Although your genes carry your master plan there are other factors that make you YOU!

5. Like What? Environment Spiritual life

6. Genetics- The Study of Heredity

7. Genes A section of DNA that codes for a particular trait (the recipe for a protein)

8. Chromosomes Threadlike structures composed of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of the cell.

9. Chromatid- one of the identical halves of the chromosome Centromere- constricted area where chromatids are joined

10. Homologous Pairs and Homologues

12. MITOSIS MEIOSIS Diploid- has two of each chromosome- 2n- product of mitosis Haploid- 1 of each chromosome- 1n- product of meiosis

14. Humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes

15. Fruit Flies 8 chromosomes or 4 pairs

18. Goldfish 100 chromosomes or 50 pair

19. Crayfish 200 chromosomes or 100 pair

20. Lilies, Tomatoes, White Pines All have 24 chromosomes or 12 pair It’s not the chromosome number that determines the species but the genes on the chromosomes

21. What is a Karyotype? A photograph or stained, separated and sorted chromosomes

22. How many chromosomes would there be in a human diploid cell? A haploid cell?

23. Haploid cells are for reproduction

24. What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?

25. Cell Division And the Cell Cycle

26. What is the cell cycle? The life cycle of a cell

27. Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Prophase Metaphase

28. Mitosis The division of a cell to produce two identical daughter cells

29. Interphase Chromosomes are copied Appear as “threadlike”coils (chromatin)at the start, but each chromosome and its copy (sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase. Chromatid

30. Prophase Mitosis begins Centrioles appear Spindle fibers form between the poles

31. Metaphase Chromatids attach to spindle fibers in center

32. Anaphase Chromatids separate and begin to move to opposite sides of the cell

33. Telophase Two nuclei form Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods Mitosis ends

34. Cytokinesis Membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells with identical chromosomes

35. Prophase WhitefishOnion

36. Metaphase WhitefishOnion

37. Anaphase WhitefishOnion

38. Telophase WhitefishOnion

39. All Together Now

40. Uses of Mitosis Growth Repair and replace old or damaged cells Asexual reproduction

41. MEIOSIS Forming Gametes for Sexual Reproduction

42. Who discovered meiosis? Van BenedenStudying Ascaris

43. Meiosis Vocabulary Zygote- a diploid cell formed by the union of a haploid sperm and egg Meiosis- the forming of sexual gametes by reducing the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid through two divisions.

44. Meiosis- two divisions 1st division reduces the # of chromosomes from diploid to haploid 2 nd division doubles the number of cells

45. Meiosis

46. Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis

47. Compare Metaphase: Mitosis Metaphase Meiosis Metaphase I

48. Compare Anaphase Mitosis AnaphaseMeiosis Anaphase I

49. Compare Daughter Cells Produced: MitosisMeiosis

50. Purpose of Meiosis To form gametes for sexual reproduction Four viable sperm are produced from spermatogenesis One viable egg produced from oogenesis

51. Meiosis Vocabulary Gametes- haploid cells that, when united, form a diploid zygote- ex. sperm, eg

52. Meiosis Vocabulary Fertilization- the process of forming a zygote

53. Meiosis Vocabulary Sperm- male gamete Egg- female gamete

54. Meiosis Vocabulary Forming of SpermForming of Eggs

55. Meiosis Vocabulary Sexual Reproduction-The fertilization (union) of haploid gametes to produce offspring that are not genetically identical to either parent