1. Environmental resources management WORK PACKAGE 3 PETRÁŠOVÁ, ČERNOTA, KOVALČÍK NATIONAL FOREST CENTRE ZVOLEN SLOVAKIA

2. Part 1: Introduction Part 2: General aspects of the forest management Part 3: Employment in the forest management Part 4: Other related sectors Part 5: Conclusions Report structure

3. Sustainable forest management and forest certification in Europe Scope and objectives of the forest management

4. Basic data on countries and areas Country/ area Land area (1 000 ha) Population 2004 b GDP 2004 b Total (1 000 ) Density (population /km 2 ) Annual growth rate (%) Rural (% of total) Per capita (US$) Annual growth rate (%) Italy29 411 57 573 195,8-0,132,519 3441,2 Slovakia4 8085 390110,50,042,34 4885,5 Spain49 944 41 286 82,70,523,415 0793,1 Greece12 890 11 075 85,90,438,911 8854,2 Part 2: General aspects of the forest management

5. Extent of forest and other wooded land Country /area Land area Inlan d water (1 000 ha) Total area (1 000 ha) Forest Other wooded land (1 000 ha) Other land (1 000 ha) 1 000 ha % of land area Total With tree cover Italy9 97933,91 04718 385 -72330 134 Slovakia1 92940,1-2 87932934 901 Spain17 91535,910 29921 730 -65550 599 Greece3 75229,12 7806 358-30613 196

6. Functions and characteristics of forests Designated functions of forest – primary function Country /area Total forest area (1 000 ha) % of total whose primary function is designated as: ProductionProtectionConservation Social services Multiple purpose None or unknown Italy9 979--29,9--70,1 Slovakia1 9299,517,85,012,655,10 Spain17 9159,413,137,30,140,20 Greece3 75292,1-4,2--3,7

7. Growing and biomass stock in forest Country /area ForestOther wooded land Area (1 000 ha) Growing stock Area (1 000 ha) Total growing stock (million m 3 ) By area (m 3 /ha) Total (million m 3 ) Commerc ial (%) Italy9 9791451 44770,11 04797 Slovakia1 92925649484,7-- Spain17 9155088877,610 2991 Greece3 7524717788,12 7800

8. On the analysis of basic data on countries we can point out: On the analysis of basic data on countries we can point out:  the highest GDP per capita is in Italy and the lowest is in Slovakia, but the highest annual growth rate of the GDP is in Slovakia (5.5% in 2004)  the highest forest coverage is in Slovakia (40.1%), the lowest is in Greece (29.1%)  the biggest changes in the extent of the forests are in Spain (2% in 1990-2000 and 1.7% in 2000-2005)

9.  the most public owned forests are in Greece, in other countries (Slovakia, Italy, Spain) is the share between 30 to 50%  the highest share of forest plantation is in Spain (about 8%)  the highest growing stock in m 3 /ha is in Slovakia 256m 3 /ha in 2005 opposite to 145m 3 /ha in Italy, 50m 3 /ha in Spain and 47m 3 /ha in Greece  average removals of wood products is about 1.3% of the total growing stock (the highest in Spain – 2.0% and the lowest in Italy – 0.7%.

10. The most important problems of the forest resources management in the partner countries

11.  loss of commercial value of some forest productions influenced the profitability of the forest management, above all in the alpine areas.  Remuneration of the environmental and social services of the forest  Lack of the interest from the local administrators and lack of knowledge Italy

12.  The lack of economic and human resources in the forest management  Absence of the well-organized and modern secondary wood processing industries in the region  Pasturage problems Greece

13.  health conditions of the forests (biotic and abiotic factors)  Fires  Climate change phenomenon appearing Spain

14.  restitution of the ownership’s rights  reimbursement for the restriction of ownership’s rights  remuneration for services provided by forests to the public Slovakia

15. Reported employment in forestry (excluding the wood processing industry) declined by about 10 percent from 1990 to 2000. Most of the decline occurred in the primary production of goods and can probably be attributed to increases in labour productivity. Employment in the forest management

16. Diversification of the activities is very important aspect of raising the employment and opportunities to create new jobs. For these reasons are described other related sectors to forest management, such as nature and landscape protection, wood processing industry, rural development and game management. Other related sectors

17. Taking into account the intersectoral links, the overall importance of forest employment for rural livelihoods and national economies was clearly higher than this official number suggests.

18. Case studies– models of the best practise from partner regions: „Ecopioppo“ – certification of the tree growing activity„Ecopioppo“ – certification of the tree growing activity Aspromonte national park – local population involvement in the fire preventionAspromonte national park – local population involvement in the fire prevention Employment increase trough afforestation and biological fertilization activitiesEmployment increase trough afforestation and biological fertilization activities Social policy of the enterpriseSocial policy of the enterprise

19. The most frequency added value in these case studies is:  Creation of new conditions, tools and methods for an effective management of the environment  An increasing of awareness of the natural resources value  High awareness of the employees on company’s care on natural environment  Involvement of the resident population in the management of the Protected Area  Creation of new conditions for development of the other sectors – tourism, gardening, etc.