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A Tour of the Cell Figures 4.4 – 4.7
CHAPTER 4 A Tour of the Cell Figures 4.4 – 4.7
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The Two Major Categories of Cells
The countless cells on earth fall into two categories Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
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Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in several respects
Prokaryotic cell Nucleoid region Eukaryotic cell Nucleus Organelles Figure 4.4
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Prokaryotic cells Are smaller than eukaryotic cells
Lack internal structures surrounded by membranes Lack a nucleus
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Prokaryotic flagella Nucleoid region (DNA) Plasma Ribosomes membrane
Cell wall Capsule Pili Figure 4.5
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A Panoramic View of Eukaryotic Cells
An idealized animal cell Centriole Ribosomes Lysosome Not in most plant cells Flagellum Cytoskeleton Plasma membrane Mitochondrion Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus Figure 4.6A
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An idealized plant cell
Not in animal cells Cytoskeleton Mitochondrion Central vacuole Nucleus Cell wall Rough endoplamsic reticulum (ER) Chloroplast Ribosomes Plasma membrane Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Plasmodesmata Golgi apparatus Figure 4.6B
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MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
The plasma membrane separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings
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A Fluid Mosaic of Lipids and Proteins
The membranes of cells are composed of Lipids Proteins
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The lipids belong to a special category called phospholipids
Phospholipids form a two-layered membrane, the phospholipid bilayer Outside cell Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail Cytoplasm (inside cell) (a) Phospholipid bilayer of membrane Figure 4.7A
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Most membranes have specific proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic region of protein Phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic region of protein (b) Fluid mosaic model of membrane Figure 4.7B
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