1. Culture VII – Ethnicity and Nationalism

2. What is Nationality?
Nationality is identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country
United States of America – Americans
United States of Mexico – Mexicans
France – French
Ireland – Irish
Japan - Japanese

3. Nation-States Nation-State Nation-States in Europe
When a state’s territory coincides w/an ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
Most of western Europe – France, Denmark
Attempt to organize the Earth based on idea of self-determination
Nation-States in Europe

4. Nationalism Mass Media Propaganda Symbol of Nationalism
Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces
“liberté, égalité, fraternité”

5. Multinational States Multi-ethnic state – no self-determination
Belgium
Dutch-speaking Flemish
French-speaking Walloons
Multinational state – self-determination
United Kingdom
England
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland

6. Former Soviet Union
Largest multinational state until its breakup in 1991
15 republics based on the largest ethnic groups
Today, all 15 are independent states
Three Baltic: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Three European: Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
Five Central Asian: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Three Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
Russia

7. Fifteen Nations of the USSR

8. Russia The largest multinational state today
39 official nationalities – many want independence
Russia has numerous ethnic groups
20% or non-Russian
Most of these ethnic groups were conquered in the sixteenth century by Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
Chechnya – Sunni Muslims
Russians in other states

10. Turmoil in the Caucasus
Fall of Soviet Union led to creation of three independent states
Azerbaijan (fragmented state) – Azeris
Armenia – Armenians (98% of pop.)
Georgia – Georgians

11. Ethnicity and Communism
Karl Marx saw nationalism as a means for the dominate class to maintain power over the working class
Economic cooperation more important than ethnic differences
Gov’ts banned ethnic differences
Religion and language
Soviet propaganda and centripetal devices
“socialist realism”
Language
Religion

12. Rebirth of Nation-States in Europe
Fall of Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia caused in part by ethnic groups refusing/opposing the domination of an ethnic group
Some made peaceful transitions in to nation states, while others were violent
Slovenia and Slovakia
Croatia and Bosnia