1. TUBERCULOSIS Sri Chusniati

2. TUBERCULOSIS G : Mycobacterium F : Mycobacteriaceae O : Actinomycetales

3. Morphology & characteristics: Slender, straight or slightly curved rod with rounded ends Width from 0.2 – 0.5 um, length 1.5 – 4 um Acid-fast Non spore & non capsulated Non motile Obligate aerobe Intra cellular Gram +

5. Growth Properties in media Media:  Not grow in general medium  Grow In rich medium + albumin (Lowenstein Jensen) Period incubation 4-6 weeks at temperature of 37 o C Colonies: Dried, rough, convex color: white to yellow (M. tuberculosis) wet, flat, smooth white in color (M. bovis) In broth medium: grow spreading on the wall of the tube from the bottom to the top & form membrane in surface

6. Media for the growth of Mycobacterium: - Lowenstein Jensen (glycerol) - Stonebrink (M. bovis) - Egg yolk Citrate - Potato Agar - Petragnani - Dubos Broth colonies appear after 4 – 6 weeks

7. Characteristics in biochemistry tests Mycobacterium bovis not form niacin & non reduce nitrate This properties are contrariwise with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

8. Resistances Sun rise directly in + 8 ours Pasteurize Suspension of cresol/phenol 5 %: 24 ours Jodium tincture: 5 minutes Resistant to 4% NaOH Resistant In rotten carcass & wet soil for 1-4 years In dried feces of cattle bacteria are able to life in 150 days

9. Sensitive host cattle, poultry and human M. bovis M. tbc tipe bovis M. avium M. tbc tipe avium M. tuberculosis M. tbc tipe human contagious chronic zoonoses The type of disease are acute & progressive to all organs

10. TUBERCULOSIS (BOVINE) Bovine tuberculosis The causative agent is Mycobacterium bovis It occurs worldwide, but M. bovis has been almost eradicated from the cattle of several developed countries.

11. Reservoir & mode of transmission Cattle are the natural reservoir of infection Transmission to humans is via consumption of row milk The organism poses a serious hazard to laboratory workers Incubation period Humans  four weeks to several years Animal  variable

12. Antigenic Structure Consisted of Polysaccharide, protein & lipid Clinical features Cattle  chronic disease - Weight loss - Bronchopneumonia  extensive destruction of lung tissue  progressive respiratory distress  death. - Swelling of the retropharyngeal lymph node - Mastitis  progressive indurations

13. Humans - The primary lesion  - enlarged cervical limph nodes - Over many months, with fever, weight loss, abdominal pain & tenderness, bone & joint lesions, meningitis with neurological sign.

14. Pathogenesis via inhalation  lung  cough  be swallowed  gut  intestine  hematogen/lymphogen >< phagocyte cells  multiply  damage phagocyte cells  form mass like cheese The injured cell stimulate the body to form epitheloid cells (to localize bacteria so the bacteria are able to spread continuously)  giant cell At tubercle calcium are piled or heaped  to be a thing like lime

15. In resistance animals Tubercle not develop  just appear in the local area named local tuberculosis (tbc lokal)

16. In sensitive animals Tubercle become enlargement. In bronchus tubercle become erupts during animal coughing  bacteria enter GIT  and continuously spread to entire body through lymphogen/ hematogen until reach wall of intestine, liver, spleen, lung, udder, uterus  general tuberculosis (tbc umum/milier) When bacteria of M. tbc are found in milk, urine and sputum, the disease named tbc terbuka

17. Fowl Avian tbc occur depend on environmental sanitation Infection occur through oral and inhalation The process of tubercle formed in fowl similar with the process in cattle Predilection organs : intestine, liver, spleen, bone marrow. The disease unusual attack lung

18.  Tuberculin Test  Clinical features  Pathology changes  Lab examination Diagnosis:

19. Tuberculin test Generally intra dermal Methods: Shear the feather, measure the thickness of cowhide with cutimeter  injection tuberculin Observation after 72 hours. Result: Fever, Increasing of cowhide thickness > 60%  + < 60%  -

20. Pathology: Tubercle with variated size, one/joined If cut feels like cutting sand center of cheese-like form Tubercle esp. in lung, hepar, spleen, ren, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, bronchiale lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes Giant cell, epitheloid cell

21. Lab examination Sample (sputum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pus) If organ + papain  + NaOH 2-4%  wait for 30’ centrifuge  sediment + HCl 2N  culture & incubation 37 o C in 5-8 weeks if 12 weeks not growing  negative Followed by microscopic  BTA animal-tested

22. Biologic Test : Colony centrifuged  sediment + PZ  injected to 2 animal (sc/ip) Animal weak & bulge on injection area After approximately 4 weeks  1 animal killed  PA/ negative After 8 weeks 1 animal killed  PA/ PA/  tubercle in organs

23. Result of biologic test: FowlGuinea pig Rabbit M. bovis -+ + M. avium + - + M. tbc -+ -

24. Differential Diagnosis Cattle: Pleuro Pneumonia Contagiosa Bovis c/ Mycoplasma bovis Aspirasi Pneumonia Corynebacterium pyogenes Malleus c/ Pseudomonas mallei Johne’s disease c/ M. paratbc

25. Fowl: Neoplasma Aspergllosis, Mucormycosis Penyakit pernafasan causa lain Penyakit pencernakan causa lain

26. Testing material & shipping method Sputum, pleural fluid, raw milk, organ  fresh & cool, in transport media organ  in formalin 10%  histopathology

27. Prevention & Controlling: Animals: No Vaccination Sanitation disinfectant liquid cresol/phenol Isolation suspect animals New animal from tbc-free places Serious condition slaughtered Good condition may be cut & look after part with tubercle must be thrown away

28. Fowl Good management Sanitation New animals from tbc-free area Reactors tuberculin +  slaughtered Prevent domestic birds  transmission

29. Treatment Usually failed because : Cell wall of bacteria is thick Bacteria can live by intracellular Drugs penetration is slow Animals:  Not attempted Humans:  antituberculous chemotherapy

30. Health aspect: Cattle Local tbc : consume only the sterilized milk throw infected organ away general tbc /milliar: slaughter & throw away