1. The Immune System Second Edition
Peter Parham
The Immune System Second Edition
Chapter 1
Elements of the Immune System
and their Roles in Defense
Copyright © 2005 by Garland Science Publishing

2. Figure 1-1 Vaccine induced strong immunity Most humans vaccinated
Humans are the only host

3. Figure 1-2

4. Pneumocystis carinii– 720X Schistosoma mansoni – 5X
Figure 1-3 part 1 of 4
Trypanosoma brucei– 1750X
protozoan
Pneumocystis carinii– 720X
Fungus-SIDS
Schistosoma mansoni – 5X
worm

5. Epidermophyton floccosum– 500X
Figure 1-3 part 2 of 4
HIV– 80,000X
virus
influenza– 40,000X
virus
Epidermophyton floccosum– 500X
Fungus-ringworm

6. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Staphylococcus aureus– 5,000X
Figure 1-3 part 3 of 4
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
– 15,000X
bacteria
Candida albicans– 1,400X
fungus
Staphylococcus aureus– 5,000X
bacteria

7. Figure 1-3 part 4 of 4 Salmonella enteritidis Streptococcus pyogenes
– 6,500X
bacteria
Streptococcus pyogenes
– 6,500X
bacteria
Listeria monocytogenes– 1,250X
Intracellular bacteria

8. Red-mucosal membranes
Figure 1-4
Entry points
Blue – barriers
Red-mucosal membranes

9. Innate Immune Response
Figure 1-5
Innate Immune Response

10. Innate Immune Response –
Inflammation
Figure 1-6

11. Immune Response
Figure 1-7

12. Figure 1-8 Acquired/protective Immunity Selection of correct
Lymphocyte
Development of
Immunological
Memory
Figure 1-8

13. Types of Hematopoietic Cells
Figure 1-9 part 1 of 6

14. Figure 1-9 part 2 of 6

15. Figure 1-9 part 3 of 6

16. Figure 1-9 part 4 of 6

17. Figure 1-9 part 5 of 6

18. Figure 1-9 part 6 of 6

19. Where do these cells develop?
Figure 1-10

20. Figure 1-11

21. Figure 1-12

22. Figure 1-13
Pus

23. Engulf and degrade agents
Macrophages
Engulf and degrade agents
Secrete cytokines
Figure 1-14

24. Stem cells (bone marrow)
Figure 1-15
B cells remain and
mature
T cells leave
and mature in the
thymus
Lymphatics collect
lymph(plasma)
and return to blood
via thoracic duct
through
subclavian vein
Primary and Secondary
Lymphoid Tissues

25. Figure 1-16 Every minute – 5 million lymphocytes leave the blood and
enter the secondary
lymphoid tissues

26. Figure 1-17

27. Figure 1-18

28. Figure 1-19 Filters the blood -removes old red blood cells
-acts as a lymph node and
filters pathogens from
the blood
Figure 1-19

29. GALT - Process pathogens in these areas
Figure 1-20
BALT - bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue
MALT - mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

30. Adaptive Immunity - Vertebrates
Figure 1-21

31. Antigen - material that is antigenic - induces an immune response
Epitope – AA seq/structure of antigen against which response directed
Figure 1-22

32. Gene rearrangement
immunoglobulins
T-cell receptors
Figure 1-23

33. Figure 1-24 B Cells recognize native proteins
T Cells recognize peptides when
presented via receptors called
major histocompatibility complex
molecules - MHC

34. intracellular extracellular
Figure 1-25
From
intracellular extracellular
molecules/pathogens

35. Intracellular antigens
MHC Class I
Intracellular antigens
Figure 1-26

36. Extracellular antigens
MHC Class II
Extracellular antigens
Figure 1-27

37. Selection against self -
Figure 1-28
Selection for self -
must match
MHC I/MHC II
Selection against self -
must not match
self antigens

38. Figure 1-29
How do antibodies work?

39. Figure 1-30

40. The six remaining polio-endemic countries are: Nigeria, India, Pakistan, Niger, Afghanistan and Egypt.
As at 24 August 2004, this year there have been 602 cases reported globally, in the following endemic countries: Nigeria (476 cases), India (34), Pakistan (23), Niger (19), Afghanistan (3), Egypt (1).
Down from over 125 when the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988.
Epidemiologists from the Global Polio
Eradication Initiative today confirmed the reinfection of Guinea and Mali, as well as three new cases in the Darfur region of the Sudan.
Figure 1-31

41. Unwanted immune responses
Figure 1-32
Unwanted immune responses
-allergies

42. Unwanted immune responses
-autoimmunity
Figure 1-33

43. Figure 1-34