1. Chapter Six The Seventeenth Century

2. Historical background Reasons for the bourgeois revolution conflicts with the power of the monarch Parliament the persecution of the Puritans under the cloak of religion

3. The Puritans were Christians who wanted to make reforms in the Anglican Church. They were opposed to Charles I. They did away with the elaborate ceremonies. They demanded a simple religious belief. They demanded a simple manner of worship. a simple manner of church organization They interpreted the Bible in a new way. They argued that the Bible encouraged trade and individual freedom. Puritanism represented the interests of the bourgeoisie. Charles I took strong measures against the Puritans

4. The king of England Charles I Cromwell the son of Charles I James II William of Orange be headed in 1649 and England became a commonwealth. death succeeded be driven out of England The Bill of Rights The power was restricted. constitutional monarchy

5. The King James Bible of 1611 The Bible written in Hebrew about the creation of the universe The Old Testament written in Greek about the life, teachings and deeds of Jesus Christ The New Testament

6. Francis Bacon (1561 --- 1626) Born: in London in 1561 His father: Lord Keeper of the Seal Education: at Cambridge for two years Experiences: made friends with the Earl of Essex be appointed Lord Chancellor admitted himself guilty of “corruption and neglect” be punished, dismissed from his office died of the cold

7. Metaphysical Poets 玄学派 John Donne Cavalier Poets 骑士派 Samuel Johnson Ben Johnson

8. John Donne (1572 --- 1631) Born: in a Roman Catholic family Education: at Oxford and Cambridge, at Lincoln’s Inn Hobby: adventures Love: elope, be cast into prison Experiences: the courtier, the lover, the soldier, Dean of St.Paul’s Cathedral

9. His poems negative attitude towards love positive attitude towards love a cynical tone to satirize women’s inconstancy expresses his genuine sentiments of love, sanctifies love as something holy

10. John Milton (1608 --- 1674) Born: in a Puritan family Education: at the Cambridge talent in poetry In 1632 he completed his M.A. Experience:travelled in Eropean countries returned to England in 1639 Ideas: be opposed to church government advocate the abolition of episcopacy

11. Milton’s writing periods: The 1st period: early works On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity (1629) 《基督诞生晨颂》 L’Allegro 1632 《快乐的人》 ILPenseroso 1632 《幽思的人》 Comus 1637 《科玛斯》 Lycidas 1638 《利西达斯》

12. The 2 nd period: The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 《国王与官吏的职权》 Defence of the English People 《为英国人民而辩》 Second Defence of the English People 《为英国人民再辩》 middle works

13. The 3rd Period the late works Paradise Lost 《失乐园》 Paradise Regained 《复乐园》 Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》 masterpiece