1. Monitoring Blood Glucose Concentration Levels for Diabetes Using LabView
Diane Kim
Final Presentation
Knoxville, Tennessee

2. Diabetes
Lack of insulin produced in one’s pancreas, or the insulin is incompatible with one’s body
Insulin serves as a “key”
When you eat, your body turns food into glucose
At this point, your pancreas releases insulin
Opens cells and allows glucose to enter, which provides energy
Patients must manage their glucose levels carefully

3. Causes and Symptoms
Type 1 and Type 2 are predominant, though Gestational and other types do exist
Type 1 makes up only 5% of the diabetes population
Type 2 is mainly caused by diet or environmental influences
Symptoms include:
Extreme thirst or hunger
Sweet smelling breath
Ketoacidosis (diabetic coma)

4. Today’s Methods
Methods today include finger pricking or urine testing, though finger pricking is more accurate
Europe has a noninvasive measurement device that clips onto one’s earlobe (GlucoTrack)

5. iBGStar Monitor
Connects to an iPhone or iPod touch device
Comes with test strips that the patient would apply their blood to, and run the test strip through the device

6. CGM Sensors
A minuscule electrode is inserted under the skin, which measures glucose levels in tissue fluid
Connected to a transmitter that sends information to the device via a wireless radio frequency

7. Disadvantages
Finger pricking, while accurate, is painful and difficult for those with physical limitations
Also leads to sensitive and calloused fingertip
An inconvenience to have to do every day for life
Placing sensors under the skin can lead to health hazards
Cell rejection
Batteries can leak acid into bloodstream, potentially killing the patient

8. Designing a program for sensors
Goal: Provide cheaper sensors while still maintaining accuracy
LabView: visual programming platform
Process:
Receive signal
Read and analyze given data
Calculate slope
Use slope and frequencies from signal to calculate unknown blood glucose concentrations

9. LabView Program
Program will allow a wireless chip to monitor glucose levels
Uses correlation between frequencies and blood glucose levels
When levels are dangerously low or high, it gives an alert (LED Signal)
Current process includes a signal simulation, use of slope formula, read to text capability

10. Equation
M=Correlation
X=Frequency
Y=Glucose Concentration
y1- y2
x1 - x2
Slope Formula: M=
Slope Equation: Y = MX + B
Y=Glucose Concentration
M=Correlation or slope
X=Measured frequency
B=Constant

18. Advantages
Antiquate finger pricking methods
Allow utmost accuracy by calculating each individual pair of correlations rather than calculating a line of best fit
Save costs (no need for strips or monitors that need to be updated)

19. Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy under NSF Award Number EEC and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program.

20. Works Cited
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