1. Chapter 13 Triumph of Industry
Page 434

2. Section 1 Technology and Industrial Growth
OBJ: Analyze Factors that led to Industrialization of the U.S.
Explain how inventions and innovations changed American lives
Describe the impact of industrialization in the late 1800’s

3. A. Industrial Growth Mass goods were needed during the Civil war
Fuels of industrial Growth:
Natural resources- coal, forests, rivers, oil- Edwin Drake and the first oil drill in Titusville Pen.
Growing workforce- immigration and people moving to cities
Capitalism- Horatio Alger and rags to riches stories
Entrepreneurs- trying to make money- fueled society with jobs and ideas
Government- Protective Tariffs and laissez-faire policies

4. B. Innovations Patent: _____________________
Thomas Edison- applied for over a 1,000 patents
Perfected the light bulb
Designs for power plants to power cities
George Westinghouse- developed ways to transport energy over long distances.

5. Communication Steel Samuel Morse- invented telegraph and Morse code
Alexander Gram Bell- invented telephone
Steel
Bessemer Process- invented by Henry Bessemer- better way to produce steel
Skyscrapers and suspension bridges now possible
Better railroads with steel
Brooklyn bridge- at time longest bridge in world- 1883

6. 1903- first successful flight by Orville and Wilbur Wright
Railroads
Trains expanded all over the country
TCR finished in 1869
By TCR’s
Led to development of time zones
New transportation allowed people to live farther from work
Electric rail cars, subways
1903- first successful flight by Orville and Wilbur Wright

7. Spiral Growth Industry increases industry???
Example, more railroads means more production of railways, rail road cars.
More railroads means more goods transported, which means more consumers, which means more goods can be produced
GET IT
Leads to Mass Production

8. C. Impact World Markets Linked Jobs becoming mechanized
Jobs becoming unskilled
More goods produced
People move to cities
Cities grow
Immigration increases
More jobs
Environmental impact
Peoples lives transformed

9. Section 2 Rise of Big Business
Businesses now were corporations
Created by the gov’t to a group of people with the right to sell shares
Why would people buy shares? Dividends?
Advantage of Corporation
Raise capital
Limited liability
Not dependent on fate of owner

10. Standard Oil John D. Rockefeller got into oil business in 1862
Wanted to simplify the production process
Gained control of all steps of Production
What is this called?
Put others out of business and created a monopoly

11. U.S. Steel Andrew Carnegie revolutionized the steel industry
Spent millions on steel research
Could produce steel cheaper than competition
Purchased or put out all competitors
What is this called
Created a monopoly and made billions
Donated millions towards the end of his life

12. Government and Business
Should government play a role in business?
Laissez faire?
Government should “let people do what they choose”
Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest- applied to business. Best companies will survive
Use to justify bad business practices and great wealth

13. Robber Barron vs. Captains of Industry
How should these business men be viewed
Small businesses were squeezed out
But jobs were provided
Prices were lowered
But monopolies led to less competition and higher prices.
What do you think??

14. Improvements by Gov’t Morrill Act of 1862:
Gave each state federally land in order to establish institutes of higher education. IE UNL
Postal Reform was undertaken in 1860’s and on
Began to deliver right to houses
RFD started in 1896
By 1913 mail was circulated throughout nation. Great for businesses

15. Cartels and Trusts
Cartel- several companies decided to limit competition among themselves and share the market. Result?
Trusts: Several companies controlled by one board. Result?

16. Government Starts to Act
Interstate Commerce Commission
Wanted to make railroad rates fair
Gave gov’t power to regulate interstate commerce
Sherman Antitrust Act
Break up Monopolies
Were not enforced or were avoided

17. Section 3 Organized Labor Movement
OBJ: Asses workers problems
Compare goals and strategies of different unions
Analyze cause and effects of different strikes

18. A. Hardships for Workers
Wealth and higher standard of living for many because of I.R.
However, not for workers in factories
12 hour days, 6 days a week, in dark, dirty, hot, and cramp factories.
Very dangerous- Sweat shops
If you got injured, you were fired
Low wages- demand set wages??

19. B. Labor Unions Form Collective Bargaining: Could lead to strikes
Some workers attracted to socialism- why?
Knights of Labor: included both skilled and unskilled labor
Focused on social reform and replacing capitalism with workers coops
Disappeared after failed strikes

20. American Federation of Labor: AFL: Samuel Gompers
Only allowed skilled workers
Focused on very specific work place reforms
Did not gain as much membership as Knights

21. C. Haymarket Riot May 1 1886 in Chicago
Knights went on strike at McCormic Company
Peaceful
200 police summoned and after bomb exploded among them, they fired into the crowd
11 were killed and over a hundred wounded
Gave bad name to strikes, brought end to KOL

22. D. Homestead Strike 1892 with the Carnegie Steel Company
Union contract coming to an end and Henry Frick, plant manager, saw a chance to break union
Cut wages
All workers decided to strike
Hired scabs and Pinkerton guards to protect the plant
8,000 troops called in and strike put down

23. E. The Pullman Strike Built Pullman cars
George Pullman built actual town for his workers
1893 laid off almost half of his workers and the rest received wage cuts
Workers went on strike
Pullman attached mail cars to all Pullman cars
U.S. gov’t put end to the strike, could not stop the mail

24. F. Effects of Strikes
Courts and government often ruled against strikes
Was a time when gov’t usually sided with business owners over workers.