1. Chapter 2: Matter and Change 2.1 Matter

2. I. Properties of Matter A. Substance: matter with uniform and definite composition Write down 3 examples. Which of the following is NOT a substance? Pure Gold (Au) Dry Ice (Solid Carbon Dioxide) (CO 2 ) Milk

3. B. Physical Property: condition of substance observed without changing composition Write down 3 examples for the object below. Gallium (Ga)

4. II. States of Matter A. Solid: definite shape and volume, tightly packed particles B. Liquid: fixed volume, takes shape of container C. Gas: takes shape and volume of container

5. III. Physical Changes A. Altering a material without changing composition Write down which physical change is described in each picture.

6. 2.2 Mixtures

7. I. Classifying Mixtures A. Mixture: physical combination of 2 or more substances 1. Can be consistent (Homogeneous) or different composition throughout (Heterogeneous) Are these mixtures homogeneous or heterogeneous?

8. B. Solution: a homogeneous mixture, can be solids, liquids, or gases C. Phase: any part of mixture that is consistent Oil and water heterogeneous mixture has two phases

9. II. Separating Mixtures A. Distillation: separating a mixture by boiling liquid to vapor and then returning to liquid B. Chromatography: separating substances by their mass

10. 2.3 Elements and Compounds Hemoglobin Molecule

11. I. Element vs. Compound A. Element: simplest naturally existing form of matter (periodic table) B. Compound: two or more different elements combined Label these as: elements, compounds, or mixtures?

12. C. Compounds only separated by chemical means Ex. Sugar  Caramel  Carbon + water vapor D. Properties of compounds different than parts Ex. Sodium (reactive metal) + Chlorine gas (poisonous)  Sodium Chloride (Salt)

13. II. Symbols and Formulas A. Elements represented by symbols B. Most are first one or two letters of element C. Some represent Latin or Greek names Find 4 elements that have symbols that are NOT their first one or two letters.

14. 2.4 Chemical Reactions

15. I. Reactants to Products A. Chemical Reaction: one or more substances become new substances Iron + Oxygen  Iron Oxide (Rust) ReactantsProduct

16. II. Detecting a Chemical Reaction A. Chemical Property/Change: undergoes chemical rxn to form new substances Ex. Rusting, burning, exploding, fermenting B. Chemical rxns always give off or absorb energy (temp. change or light) C. Other signs: Color, Odor, Precipitate (solid that settles out of liquid mixture)

17. III. Conservation of Mass A. During any chemical reaction, the amount of matter is unchanged