1. Human Populations Environmental Health and Toxicology Food and Agriculture Pest Control Environmental Science 2

2. Human Populations World Population Growth: 1. 80 million people/year increase 2. 6.5 billion people total Live simply so that others may simply live. -Mahatma Gandhi

3. Population Growth Demography: measurement of human populations. Demography: measurement of human populations. More-developed countries – less growth More-developed countries – less growth Less-developed countries – more growth Less-developed countries – more growth Why? Why? Agriculture-based societies vs. Industrialized societies Agriculture-based societies vs. Industrialized societies Less resource consumption vs. More resource consumption Less resource consumption vs. More resource consumption Rural locations vs. Urban locations Rural locations vs. Urban locations Historical culture vs. Modern technology Historical culture vs. Modern technology Poverty vs. Wealth Poverty vs. Wealth Constantly changing…

4. Worlds 5 Largest Countries China (1,500,000,000) China (1,500,000,000) India (1,300,000,000) India (1,300,000,000) USA (300,000,000) USA (300,000,000) Indonesia (225,000,000) Indonesia (225,000,000) Brazil (187,000,000) Brazil (187,000,000) Country name (approximate human population)

5. Life Expectancy Japan (79/86) Japan (79/86) Sweden (78/83) Sweden (78/83) USA (75/80) USA (75/80) India (62/63) India (62/63) Russia (59/72) Russia (59/72) Country name (approximate male/female age)

6. Solutions for Sustainability 1. Stable populations and resources 2. Social justice for all people 3. Planning for the future Complications… Complications…

7. Health, Disease, and Environment Health: physical, mental, and social well-being Disease: abnormal change in physical/psychological functioning Environmental health risks leading to disease…

8. 2020 Global W.H.O. Prediction 1. Heart disease 2. Depression 3. Accidents 4. Stroke 5. Lung disease 6. Pneumonia 7. Tuberculosis 8. War 9. Diarrhea 10. HIV/AIDS

9. Recent Outbreaks of Lethal Infectious Disease Virus/Bacteria/Parasites

10. Infectious Disease and Human Solutions Human health and Environmental health Human health and Environmental health Interrelated (AIDS from African primates) Interrelated (AIDS from African primates) Disease -> Medicine = Cure or Death or Resistance Disease -> Medicine = Cure or Death or Resistance Ex. Influenza… widespread in US (Winter 08) Ex. Influenza… widespread in US (Winter 08) Issues in perspective… Issues in perspective… Wealthy person – medical care, multiple solutions Wealthy person – medical care, multiple solutions Poor person – no medical care, no solutions Poor person – no medical care, no solutions

11. Toxicology Toxins = poisons Toxins = poisons Arsenic – lumber treatment Arsenic – lumber treatment Lead – paint and gasoline Lead – paint and gasoline Mercury – coal combustion Mercury – coal combustion Cadmium – batteries Cadmium – batteries DDT – pesticide use DDT – pesticide use Our household environment…

12. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification Absorption, storage, and interactions of toxins at higher trophic levels. Absorption, storage, and interactions of toxins at higher trophic levels. Ex. Consumers Ex. Consumers

13. Risks

14. World Food and Nutrition Global famine and malnutrition… Global famine and malnutrition…

15. Human Needs Air - atmosphere Air - atmosphere Water - hydrosphere Water - hydrosphere Shelter - lithosphere Shelter - lithosphere Food - biosphere Food - biosphere Sources of foods…

16. Food Instability Population increase and resource decrease Population increase and resource decrease Insufficient protein sources Insufficient protein sources Globalization of food markets Globalization of food markets Unsustainable farming practices Unsustainable farming practices Habitat destruction and soil degradation Habitat destruction and soil degradation Global warming and extreme conditions Global warming and extreme conditions Solutions… you decide!

17. Some Ideas Control of reproduction and resource distribution Control of reproduction and resource distribution Additional proteins through plants/animals Additional proteins through plants/animals Localization of food markets Localization of food markets Agroecology through organic, sustainable agriculture Agroecology through organic, sustainable agriculture Environmental preservation and conservation Environmental preservation and conservation Scientific answers to global environmental and social troubles Scientific answers to global environmental and social troubles

18. Pest Control Biological pests: organisms that reduce resources useful to humans. Biological pests: organisms that reduce resources useful to humans. Pesticides/herbicides: chemicals used by humans to kill pests. Pesticides/herbicides: chemicals used by humans to kill pests. Risk/Benefit Risk/Benefitanalysis…

19. Foods and Toxins 1. Strawberries 2. Bell peppers 3. Spinach 4. Cherries 5. Peaches 6. Cantaloupe Highly contaminated foods

20. Choices Regulation (EPA, FDA, USDA…) Regulation (EPA, FDA, USDA…) USA - only so-so USA - only so-so Organics (neither fertilizers nor pesticides) Organics (neither fertilizers nor pesticides) buy from known sources buy from known sources local is usually better local is usually better ask producers, government officials, and scientists… and share info with one another ask producers, government officials, and scientists… and share info with one another

21. Suggestions Wash food in clean water prior to eating Wash food in clean water prior to eating Peel fruits/vegetables when possible Peel fruits/vegetables when possible Well stored food is a plus Well stored food is a plus Clean food through cooking Clean food through cooking Reduce intake of fats and toxins Reduce intake of fats and toxins Grow your own food or shop organic Grow your own food or shop organic

22. Homework Read two chapters of your choice from the following list: Read two chapters of your choice from the following list: Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Write a brief summary on each chapter you read, including: Write a brief summary on each chapter you read, including: chapter number/title, single favorite Case Study/Exploring Science subsection among the chapters, overall questions and/or comments chapter number/title, single favorite Case Study/Exploring Science subsection among the chapters, overall questions and/or comments