1. The Origins of the Renaissance What does the term Renaissance mean? First coined in 1867 by Jakob Burckhardt in his book, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy

2. The Origins Why did it start in Italy?  The Obvious geographical reason  The Crusades and trade with Africa & Southwest Asia  The growing wealthy banking and merchant class in the city-states

4. Analyze “Nothing weights less than a pen, and nothing gives more pleasure; it is useful not only to the writer but to others far away, perhaps even those who will be born a thousand years from now” Francesco Petrarch

5. Humanists  The Critical Approach to Learning Comparing texts to search for truth and authenticity  Concerned with How things worked Leading a meaningful life Existence a joy in itself

6. Petrarch  Sonnets to Laura ( ideal figure) Classical Education Committed to public and private virtue The mark of an educated person Sonnets were in the vernacular  What was Petrarch’s inner conflict over religion? Lust for fame Devotion to the temporal life

7.  How did Machiavelli and Castiglione demonstrate their commitment to the humanist values and how were they different?  Civic Humanism - individual achievements and education could be fully expressed only if people used their talents and abilities in the service of their cities. The renaissance man came to be the “universal man” - well versed in the classics but a man of action Machiavelli - people should not try to live up to high ideals but should face life as it is. (The Prince) Power and ruthlessness were more valuable than idealism  Consequence with less emphasis on ideals, personal power and prestige were valued The idea of Christendom as a single political and spiritual entity was over

8. Medieval and Renaissance Art  Medieval - Religious subjects Formal and stylized figures Holy land setting  Renaissance Realism Realistic and lifelike figures Rugged countryside settings

9. Important Artists  Donatello universal skills not limited to one subject Strong emphasis on creating the appearance of motion like the Greeks and Romans Wanted to convey the beauty of the human form  Da Vinci - represented the “ideal of the Renaissance man” Universally skilled (sculpture, painting, engineering, anatomy, architecture)  Michelangelo- (David, Pieta, Sistine Chapel)  Raphael- the individualism of the subjects were a focal point. The School of Athens

10. Madonna & Child

11. Piero’s Flagellation

12. The Impact of Printing  Is the pen mightier than the sword?  Erasmus - “The Praise of Folly” Ridiculed ignorance, superstition, vices Ex. Pilgrimages, fasting, interpretation of the bible  Thomas More - “Utopia” Absolute utilitarian society

13. Medieval and Renaissance Art  Medieval artists believed in creating the “ideal” figures whereas the Renaissance tried to create the “observed”  Medieval - Religious subjects Formal and stylized figures Holy land setting  Renaissance Realism Realistic and lifelike figures Rugged countryside settings  What story regarding Giotto best illustrates the sense of realism in Renaissance art?