1. SOURCE: A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD – PALMER, COLTON, KRAMER
RENAISSANCE
15TH CENTURY ITALY
SOURCE: A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD – PALMER, COLTON, KRAMER

2. CHANGES BREAKING DOWN OF MEDIEVAL CERTAINTIES
NEW AND INVIGORATING ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE WORLD

3. MIDDLE AGES  RENAISSANCE
SECULAR
LIFE OF INVOLVEMENT AND HUMAN ACTIVITY
ENJOYMENT OF WEALTH (BY SOME!)
DEMONSTRATION OF HUMAN POWER
MAN SHAPED HIS OWN DESTINY
RELIGIOUS
WORDLY LIFE IS LESS IMPORTANT
LIFE OF CONTEMPLATION
RESPECT FOR POVERTY
WORSHIP OF GOD
OFTEN A COMBINATION OF ATTITUDES

4. REBIRTH RE-BIRTH OF GRECO-ROMAN CIVILISATION
“NEW” CULTURE WAS NEITHER THEOLOGICAL NOR SCIENTIFIC BUT ASKED WHAT HUMAN BEINGS OUGHT TO BE AND DO:
STYLE
TASTE
DECORUM
PERSONAL CHARACTER
EDUCATION

5. CITY-STATES THE BIGGEST AND MOST BUSTLING TOWNS IN EUROPE
THESE TOWNS WERE
INDEPENDENT CITY-STATES:
CONTROLLED BY MERCHANT OLIGARCHIES
NO KINGS
POPES LARGELY ABSENT (WHY?)

6. TRADE MERCHANTS MADE FORTUNES IN COMMERCE
LENT MONEY TO POPES AND PRINCES
MERCHANTS MADE FURTHER FORTUNES AS BANKERS

7. FLORENCE CHIEF CITY IN TUSCANY PRODUCTION OF WOOLENS
(POPULATION 60,000)
PRODUCTION OF WOOLENS

8. FAMOUS PEOPLE
DANTE
PETRARCH
BOCCACCIO
MACHIAVELLI
MEDICI FAMILY

9. MEDICI FAMILY GIOVANNI de MEDICI (1360 – 1429) MERCHANT AND BANKER
COSIMO de MEDICI (1389 – 1464)
LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT (1449 – 1492)
De MEDICI FAMILY RULED
OVER FLORENCE UNTIL
THE FAMILY DIED OUT IN 1737

10. ART ARCHITECTURE SPACE WAS NO LONGER UNKNOWABLE AND DIVINE
ADAPTATION OF GRECO-ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
GRANDEUR, IMPORTANCE, CONVENIENCE FOR HUMAN USE

11. ART SCULPTURE GREEK/ROMAN TRADITION INDEPENDENT AND FREE-STANDING ART
(NUDE) HUMAN BEINGS

12. ART PAINTING FEW EXAMPLES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES INVENTIONS:
PAINTING IN OILS
PERSPECTIVE
HUMAN ANATOMY
MORE EXPRESSION
INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITIES

13. HUMANISM RISING INTEREST IN HUMANE LETTERS = WRITING ABOUT MANKIND
AS MAIN LIFE’S WORK
TO ACHIEVE ARTISTIC EFFECT
TO AMUSE THE READER
CLASSICAL INFLUENCES => WROTE IN LATIN (AND ITALIAN...FLORENTINE BECOMES STANDARD OF MODERN ITALIAN)
WRITING WITHOUT FRAMEWORK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF
STYLE WAS VERY IMPORTANT
HISTORICAL WRITING CREATED GROUP IDENTITY
NEW CRITICAL ATTITUDE

14. EDUCATION
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OR LEVELS INTO SEPARATE CLASSES, SEPARTE ROOMS, WITH OWN TEACHER
LATIN & GREEK
RHETORIC
IDEAL RENAISSANCE MAN:
WELL-ROUNDED PERSON
ABLE TO CONVERSE EASILY
KNOWLEDGABLE IN CLASSICAL SUBJECTS
PROFICIENT IN SPRTOS AND ARMS
ABLE TO DANCE AND APPRECIATE MUSIC
WILLING TO SHOW CONSIDERATION FOR OTHERS

15. WOMEN BY THE AGE OF 18 MARRIED TO OLDER (ESTABLISHED) MEN
DIFFERENT AGES REINFORCED GENDER DIVISION:
MEN => CAREER WOMEN => HOUSEHOLD

16. POLITICS NO UNIFICATION OF CITY-STATES
WARS FOUGHT WITH CONDOTIERRI (PRIVATE LEADERS OF ARMED BANDS)
POLITICS BECAME A TANGLED WEB
MACHIAVELLLI THE PRINCE
TO CONVINCE ITALIANS OF
THE NEED TO UNIFY
“THE END JUSTIFIES THE MEANS”

17. 6 MAY 1527 – THE SACKING OF ROME
ITALY IS DIVIDED AND NOT PREPARED AND IN 1527 A GROUP OF SPANISH AND GERMAN MERCENARIES ATTACK ROME
THOUSANDS WERE KILLED
POPE IMPRISONED
LOOTING AND DESTRUCTION
THE GLORIES OF THE RENAISSANCE BEGIN TO FADE AWAY IN ITALY BUT LIVES ON IN THE REST OF EUROPE

18. *PETRARCH FLORENTINE EXILE FIRST MAN OF LETTERS SON OF A MERCHANT
TRAVELLED FRANCE AND ITALY
WRITING SHOWS THE COMPLEX, CONTRADICTORY ATTITUDES OF EARLY REN THOUGHT
ATRRACTED BY LOVE, LIFE, BEAUTY, TRAVEL
ASPIRED LITERARY FAME
MORAL PHILOSOPHY
WHAT WAS THE GOOD LIFE?

19. *BOCCACCIO
WROTE DECAMERON IN ITALIAN
SCHOLARLY TYPE

20. *DANTE
WROTE DIVINE COMEDY (IN VERNACULAR)