1. Women and Reform How were women able to become politically involved without being able to vote or hold public office?

2. Women In the Workforce Rural/Farm: not much change Urban/Industries: Opportunities! –Better paying jobs and more options for jobsjobs ● Domestic (home) workers: mostly uneducated Domestic -- Cleaned, cooked, maid & laundry services for other families

3. Timeline: Women Lead Reform pgs. 314-315 DATEEVENTIMPORTANCE 1848Seneca Falls, NY Convention -1 st women’s rights convention - support women’s suffrage 1865 & 1875 1869 1896 Vassar, Smith, & Wellesley Colleges open - No need for women to marry right away -Women can continue their education or enter the “workforce” - Apply skills to needed social reform Nat’l Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) Fought for women’s suffrage (right to vote) Nat’l Association of Colored Women - Education about race, culture - Managed nurseries, reading rooms, and kindergardens Elizabeth Cady Stanton Sojourner Truth

4. 3-Part Strategy for Suffrage (right to vote) Convince individual states to allow women to vote -Successful in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado & Idaho only Challenge the laws in court -14 th Amendment: cannot deny citizens the right to vote -Aren’t women citizens? Push for a Const. Amendment -Unsuccessful for 41 years!

5. 19 th Amendment Passed 1920 Grants women suffrage (right to vote) Women’s involvement in WWI (homefront) helps

6. Some Statistics 1900: 1 in 5 American women held jobs –25% of working women worked in manufacturing Garment (clothing) trade employed ½ of all female industrial workers –Earned ½ of what men earned 1890: female HS graduates outnumber menoutnumber ● 1870: 70% of employed women are servantsservants