1. The Women’s Movement 1880- 1919 Suffragists in Arkansas
Emmeline Pankhurst

2. Women in the Work Force (17.2)
Farm Women: roles did not change
Women in Industry: Excluded from unions, but found good paying jobs in the city
By the turn of the century, 1 of every 5 women held jobs, 25% of them in manufacturing
50% in garment working
50% of the pay men received for the same job

3. Women in the Workforce II
Women also found jobs in offices, stores, schools
By 1890 there were more women with high school diplomas than men
Domestic Workers: 70% of women workers in 1870 were servants.

4. Women Lead Reform
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory tragedy led to more women pushing for reform
Women’s clubs grew into reform groups that pushed for these changes
Women’s colleges were established during this time (Vassar, Smith, Wellesley).
Marriage was not the only alternative for women anymore.

5. NACW National Association of Colored Women
Josephine St. Pierre– first VP of the NACW
NACW
National Association of Colored Women
Managed nurseries, reading rooms, kindergartens
Focused on the education of African American women
Mary Church Terrell– first President of the NACW

6. Susan B. Anthony Pushed for women’s suffrage
Founded the NWSA (National Women Suffrage Association)– later the NAWSA

7. Suffrage Strategy
1. Convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote (success in Wyoming in 1869 followed by Utah, Colorado, and Idaho in the 1890s).
2. Pursue court cases to test the 14th Amendment (all male citizens could vote)—Weren’t women citizens as well?
3. Push for a national constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote.

13. Women Win Suffrage! (17.5)
The suffrage movement gained strength again in the early 1900s
Now there were more college educated women who began to push for reform
Suffrage groups went door to door to push for change
Trolley tours– women spoke in public from trolleys to generate support
Studied suffrage movement tactics in other countries and adapted them to the US movement

18. Women Win Suffrage! (17.5) 2
Carrie Chapman Catt— organized the movement on a national scale
Some women picketed the White House
Others supported the soldiers during WWI by knitting socks or selling war bonds
This showed women’s patriotism & desire to be involved.
Congress passed the 19th Amendment (women’s suffrage) in 1919, 72 years after the Seneca Falls convention where women convened to first demand the right to vote.