1. What were Stalin’s Domestic Policies Regarding the Position of Women ? Noel Dube

2. The Working-Class Woman 1926: Family code introduced SOCIALISM -common law marriages same rights as registered -raised minimum age of marriage - khudzhum -equal education -opposition to traditional practices -nurseries & canteens to allow mothers to work Women employees in the Industrial Workforce 1928= 2,795,000 1939= 13,000,000 Industrial workforce 1933: women made up 33% 1940: women made up 43%

3. Benefits V.S Problems Establishment of Gender Equality Women had better education There was more cultural freedom mothers were able to hold jobs Cultural Outrage Decline in Population growth Increase in crime failure of family values restricted from highest jobs

4. Benefits V.S Problems Women had more chances to make their own decisions Readily available abortions Freedom from polygamy (continued) 37% of Marriages ended in Divorce 150,000 abortions for every 57,000 live births in Moscow Women faced a double burden of family work and their jobs

5. The New Family Code (backtracking…) -Stalin seeked refuge in traditionalism -restored “family” within society -divorce made difficult and expensive - Pro-Family, Pro-Discipline, Anti- Abortion YearBirths (per thousand of population) Abortions (per thousand of population) 193021.333.9 193121.336.3 193220.734.0 193317.036.7 193415.942.0

6. Because of this... -Homosexuality & prostitution were criminalised -illegitimate children stigmatised -Birthrate rise from 2.5% (1935) to 3.1% (1940) -Mothers of many children received benefits -Divorce rates declined (but so did marriage rates)

7. “Abortion was pronounced ‘an evil holdover from the order whereby an individual lived according to narrow personal interests…’” “...Strengthening the Soviet family we mean the fight against the wrong attitudes towards marriage, women, and children. Free love and disorderly sex life have nothing in common with socialist principles…” pravda, 1936 S. Kotin, 1995 ~Sources~

8. Basically... 1926: Women get equality in the workforce & traditional practices opposed 1936: New Family code: encourage bigger families to increasepopulation growth 1939: 79% doctors were Women (Women continue to grow within the workforce) -13 million women in the workforce 1944: Only registered marriages were recognised