1. The simple pendulum L m θ

2. L m θ mg

3. The simple pendulum L m θ mg mg sinθ

4. The simple pendulum L m θ mg mg sinθ x

5. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L

6. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L +

7. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ +

8. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ ( -ve sign indicates a left displacement and a right restoring force) +

9. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ ( -ve sign indicates a left displacement and a right restoring force) Restoring force = - mg x L +

10. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ ( -ve sign indicates a left displacement and a right restoring force) Restoring force = - mg x L From Newton’s second law F=ma +

11. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ ( -ve sign indicates a left displacement and a right restoring force) Restoring force = - mg x L From Newton’s second law F=ma ma = - mg x L +

12. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ ( -ve sign indicates a left displacement and a right restoring force) Restoring force = - mg x L From Newton’s second law F=ma ma = - mg x L +

13. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ ( -ve sign indicates a left displacement and a right restoring force) Restoring force = - mg x L From Newton’s second law F=ma and a = - g x L +

14. L m θ mg mg sinθ x Some trig: sin θ = x L For small angles ( < 5 0 ) θ = x in radians L Restoring force = - mg sinθ ( -ve sign indicates a left displacement and a right restoring force) Restoring force = - mg x L From Newton’s second law F=ma and a = - g x L Compare with SHM equation: a = - (2πf) 2 x +

15. L m θ mg mg sinθ x and a = - g x L Compare with SHM equation: a = - (2πf) 2 x +

16. L m θ mg mg sinθ x and a = - g x L Compare with SHM equation: a = - (2πf) 2 x - (2πf) 2 = - g L +

17. L m θ mg mg sinθ x and a = - g x L Compare with SHM equation: a = - (2πf) 2 x - (2πf) 2 = - g L f = 1 g 2π L +

18. L m θ mg mg sinθ x and a = - g x L Compare with SHM equation: a = - (2πf) 2 x - (2πf) 2 = - g L f = 1 g 2π L T = 2π L g +

19. L m θ mg mg sinθ x and a = - g x L Compare with SHM equation: a = - (2πf) 2 x - (2πf) 2 = - g L f = 1 g 2π L T = 2π L g + Discuss: effect of length, mass, gravity, angle of swing.

20. T = 2π L g

21. Put in the form: y = m x + c T = 2π L g

22. Put in the form: y = m x + c T 2 = 4 π 2 L + 0 g T = 2π L g

23. Put in the form: y = m x + c T 2 = 4 π 2 L + 0 g T 2 /s 2 L / m T = 2π L g

24. Put in the form: y = m x + c T 2 = 4 π 2 L + 0 g T 2 /s 2 Max force on pendulum bob occurs as it passes through the equilibrium: T = 2π L g L / m m mg Ts

25. Put in the form: y = m x + c T 2 = 4 π 2 L + 0 g T 2 /s 2 T = 2π L g L / m mv 2 = Ts - mg r m mg Ts Max force on pendulum bob occurs as it passes through the equilibrium:

26. Put in the form: y = m x + c T 2 = 4 π 2 L + 0 g T 2 /s 2 T = 2π L g L / m mv 2 = Ts - mg but r = L so mv 2 = Ts - mg r L m mg Ts Max force on pendulum bob occurs as it passes through the equilibrium: