1. 1 A High-Statistics -Nucleus Scattering Experiment Using an On-Axis, Fine-grained Detector in the NuMI Beam Jorge G. Morfín - Fermilab and Hugh Gallagher - Tufts MINER A (Main INjector ExpeRiment v-A) Received Physics Approval from Fermilab PAC in April New Experiment in the Fermilab Neutrino Program

2. 2 A High-Statistics -Nucleus Scattering Experiment Using an On-Axis, Fine-grained Detector in the NuMI Beam Jorge G. Morfín - Fermilab and Hugh Gallagher - Tufts MINER A (Main INjector ExpeRiment v-A) YOUR REGISTRATION AT HOTEL MINERVE DOES NOT BRING AUTOMATIC MEMBERSHIP IN MINER A !! New Experiment in the Fermilab Neutrino Program

3. 3 Both HEP and NP collaborators D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois University of Athens, Athens, Greece D. Casper University of California, Irvine, California E. Paschos University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois M.E. Christy, W. Hinton, C.E.Keppel Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia R. Burnstein, A. Chakravorty, O. Kamaev, N. Solomey Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois S.Kulagin Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia I. Niculescu. G..Niculescu James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,, W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. Paolone University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A. Bodek, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Babaro, S. Manly, K. McFarland, I.C. Park, W. Sakumoto, R. Teng University of Rochester, Rochester, New York R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki, K. McCormick, R. Ransome Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts J. Nelson William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Green = Theorist Quantitative Study of Low-energy -Nucleus Interactions

4. 4 Typical samples of NC 1-  production  ANL  p  n  + (7 events)  n  n  0 (7 events)  Gargamelle t p  p  0 (240 evts) t n  n  0 (31 evts)  K2K and MiniBooNe t Starting a careful analysis of single  0 production. Strange Particle Production  Gargamelle-PS - 15  events.  FNAL - ≈ 100 events  ZGS - 7 events  BNL - 8 events  Larger NOMAD sample expected CC Motivation: Detailed Knowledge of low-energy Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions DISMAL As we saw MiniBooNe and K2K improving the situation at Lower Energies + n  - + p S. Zeller - NuInt04

5. 5 The MINER A Detector  Active target of scintillator bars (6t total, 3 - 5 t fiducial) - M64PMT  Surrounded by calorimeters t upstream calorimeters are Pb, Fe targets (~1t each) t magnetized side and downstream tracker/calorimeter C, Fe and Pb Nuclear targets OPTIONAL

6. 6 Active Target Module  Planes of strips are hexagonal  inner detector: active scintillator strip tracker rotated by 60 º to get stereo U and V views  Pb “ washers ” around outer 15 cm of active target t outer detector: frame, HCAL, spectrometer t XUXV planes  module Inner, fully-active strip detector Outer Detector magnetized sampling calorimeter

7. 7 Performance of the Detector: Tracking in Active Target  technique pioneered by D0 upgrade pre-shower detector  Coordinate resolution from triangular geometry is excellent   ~ 2-3 mm in transverse direction from light sharing 3.3cm 1.7cm

8. 8 Location in NuMI Near Hall  MINER A preferred running is as close as possible to MINOS, (without Muon Ranger), using MINOS as high energy muon spectrometer  If necessary, MINER A can run stand-alone elsewhere in the hall with the muon ranger

9. 9 The NuMI Neutrino Beam and Near Detector Hall Main injector: 120 GeV protons 110 m 1 km Move target only Move target and Second horn With E-907(MIPP) at Fermilab to measure particle spectra from the NuMI target,expect to know neutrino flux to ≈ ± 3-4 %.

10. 10 MINER A will have the statistics to cover a wide variety of important physics topics Main Physics Topics with Expected Produced Statistics  Quasi-elastic 300 K events off 3 tons CH  Resonance Production 600 K total, 450 K 1   Coherent Pion Production25 K CC / 12.5 K NC  Nuclear Effects C:0.6M, Fe: 1M and Pb: 1 M   T and Structure Functions 2.8 M total /1.2 M DIS event  Strange and Charm Particle Production > 60 K fully reconstructed events  Generalized Parton Distributions (few K events?) Assume 9x10 20 POT: MINOS chooses 7.0x10 20 in LE  beam, 1.2x10 20 in sME and 0.8x10 20 in sHE  Event Rates per fiducial ton ProcessCC NC Quasi-elastic103 K 42 K Resonance196 K 70 K Transition210 K 65 K DIS420 K125 K Coherent 8.4 K 4.2 K TOTAL940 K305 K Typical Fiducial Volume = 3-5 tons CH, 0.6 ton C, ≈ 1 ton Fe and ≈ 1 ton Pb 3 - 4.5 M events in CH 0.5 M events in C 1 M events in Fe 1 M events in Pb

11. 11 A few MINER A Physics Results: Quasi-elastic Scattering MINER A: 300 K events off CH and over 100 K off of Fe and Pb  Cross-section important for understanding low-energy neutrino oscillation results and needed for all low energy neutrino monte carlos used in neutrino oscillation analyses.  Constrained kinematics help measure final state interactions off three different nuclear targets. MINER A Expected MiniBooNe And K2K measurements S. Zeller - NuInt04 Expected MiniBooNe and K2K measurements

12. 12 Coherent Pion Production MINER A: 25 K CC / 12.5 K NC events off C - 8.3 K CC/ 4.2 K NC off Fe and Pb MINER A Characterized by a small energy transfer to the nucleus, forward going . NC (  0 production) significant background for  -->. e oscillation search Data has not been precise enough to discriminate between several very different models. Expect roughly (30-40)% detection efficiency with MINER A. Can also study A-dependence with MINER A Expected MiniBooNe and K2K measurements Rein-Seghal Paschos- Kartavtsev

13. 13 Nuclear Effects MINER A: 2.8 M events off CH, 600 K off C and 1 M events off of Fe and Pb Q2 distribution for SciBar detector MiniBooNE From J. Raaf (NOON04) All “known” nuclear effects taken into account: Pauli suppression, Fermi Motion, Final State Interactions They have not included low- shadowing that is only allowed with axial-vector (Boris Kopeliovich at NuInt04) L c = 2 / (m  2 + Q 2 ) ≥ R A (not m  2 ) L c 100 times shorter with m  allowing low -low Q 2 shadowing ONLY MEASURABLE VIA NEUTRINO - NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS! MINER A WILL MEASURE THIS ACROSS A WIDE AND Q 2 RANGE WITH C : Fe : Pb Problem has existed for close to three years Larger than expected rollover at low Q 2

14. 14 Importance for Neutrino Oscillation Experiments How Nuclear Effects enter  m 2 Analyses Measurement of  m 2 with MINOS  Need to understand the relationship between the incoming neutrino energy and the visible energy in the detector  Expected from MINER A t Improve understanding of pion and nucleon absorption t Understand intra-nuclear scattering effects t Understand how to extrapolate these effects from one A to another t Improve measurement of pion production cross-sections  Understand low- shadowing with neutrinos

15. 15 How MINER A Would Help Off-axis Experiments Current Accuracy of Low-energy Cross-sections  QE = 20%  RES = 40%  DIS = 20%  COH = 100% With MINERnA Measurements of   QE = 5%  RES = 5, 10% (CC, NC)  DIS = 5%  COH = 20% Total fractional error in the background predictions as a function of Near Detector off-axis Angle Without MINER A measurements of  oscillation probability measurement could be limited by systematics!

16. 16 Detector: Cost Summary and Schedule Beam and Experimental Hall already Exist!  Costs are primarily scaled from experience of MINER A collaborators on CMS HCAL and MINOS  $2.55M equipment  $1.41M labor, EDIA  $1.54M contingency (39% avg.)  Sum $5.5M  Full project costs not updated since proposal (steel costs up)  Schedule for full detector: ~ 26 - 30 months from start

17. 17 Summary  MINER A, a recently approved experiment, brings together the expertise of the HEP and NP communities to address the challenges of low-energy -A physics.  MINER A will accumulate significantly more events in important exclusive channels across a wider E range than currently available. With excellent knowledge of the beam,  will be well-measured.  With C, Fe and Pb targets MINER A will enable a systematic study of nuclear effects in -A interactions, known to be different than well-studied e-A channels.  MINER A results will dramatically improve the systematic errors of current and future neutrino oscillation experiments.  We welcome additional collaborators!!