1. Aim: What is Organic Chemistry? DO Now: 1. Which two gases can not be broken down by chemical means? (1) CO and He (3) Xe and He (2) CO and NH3 (4) Xe and NH3 2. Under which conditions of temperature and pressure does a real gas behave most like an ideal gas? (1) low temperature and low pressure (2) low temperature and high pressure (3) high temperature and low pressure (4) high temperature and high pressure

2. Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry: the study of compounds that contain CARBON and HYDROGEN

3. I. Why is carbon so special? A.Carbon has 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS B. Can form COVALENT CHAINS, RINGS, and NETWORKS C. Two adjacent carbon atoms can share up to 3 PAIRS OF e- D. A shared pair of electrons is represented by a DASH LINE

4. II.HYDROCARBONS – organic molecules that contain ONLY CARBON & HYDROGEN A.SATURATED Hydrocarbons - all SINGLE BONDS between carbons 1.MAXIMUM number of HYDROGENS attached 2.(C—C)  SINGLE BOND 1 SHARED PAIR OF e- /2 e- TOTAL make up bond (C:C) Example:

5. B. UNSATURATED Hydrocarbons - at least one MULTIPLE BOND in carbon chain 1.(C=C)  DOUBLE BOND 2 SHARED PAIRS/4 e- TOTAL make up bonds (C::C) Example:

6. B. UNSATURATED Hydrocarbons - at least one MULTIPLE BOND in carbon chain (cont.) 2. (C≡C)  TRIPLE BOND 3 SHARED PAIRS/6 e- TOTAL make up bonds (C:::C) Example:

7. III. Properties of Organic Compounds A.Bonding: COVALENT/MOLECULAR B. Solubility: most are INSOLUBLE in water (generally NONPOLAR) *LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE C. Conductivity: mostly NON CONDUCTORS *Only ORGANIC ACIDS IONIZE in solution = POOR CONDUCTORS D. Melting/boiling points: WEAK IMF’s  LOW MP’s/BP’s E. Reactivity Rate: REACT SLOWLY; more bonds to break

8. IV. Types Of Chemical Formulas A.Molecular Formula: shows the # OF ATOMS of each ELEMENT in a compound; Ex: Propane = C 3 H 8

9. IV. Types Of Chemical Formulas B. Structural Formula: shows the # OF ATOMS of each ELEMENT AND the ARRANGEMENT of the ATOMS Ex: Propane =

10. IV. Types Of Chemical Formulas C. Condensed Formula = each carbon is written with its constituent hydrogens followed by the proper subscript Ex: Propane = CH 3 CH 2 CH 3

12. Table Q Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons HOMOLOGOUS SERIES: a group of RELATED COMPOUNDS in which each member differs from the one before it by ONE CARBON UNIT

13. Table P Organic Prefixes Examples: Convert the following using Tables P & Q 1) C 3 H 8 ____________ 2) Propyne __________ 3) C 4 H 8 ____________ 4) pentene __________ 5) C 6 H 10 ____________ 6) hexane __________