7. Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Manganese is a silvery-gray metal resembling iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize. Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic. The ore is milled to a powder and then it is reduced to a soluble form in rotary kilns. The reduced ore is dissolved in acid solution, followed by purification (precipitation of impurities and filtration).

9. Manganese (Mn) has become a critical component in metallurgical applications. It has a two-fold application in that it scavenges impurities such as oxygen, sulphur and other elements during the steel making process as well as adding toughness, hardness and abrasion resistance to steel in the form of an alloying component. Approximately 90% of the manganese consumed in the world are used in manganese ferroalloys as well as manganese metal in the production of iron and steel.

11. A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid. Phosphate ore is found from 15 to 50 feet below the ground, generally in equal parts of sand, clay and phosphate rock. The "beneficiation" process separates the sand and clay from the phosphate rock. After the largest particles are removed, the slurry is run through a hydro cyclone that uses centrifugal force to remove the clay.

12. Economist

13. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. At elevated temperatures in the solid state, phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates. A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid.

15. The goal of coal mining is to economically remove coal from the ground. Coal was mined from underground. Coal was mined from underground with a pick and shovel. Methods of extraction 1. Modern surface mining 2. Area mining 3.Contour mining 4.Mountaintop removal mining 5.Room and pillar mining 6.Underground mining a. Long wall mining b. Continuous mining c. Blast mining d. Short wall mining e. Retreat mining

16. Table 31. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2008 (Dollars per Short Ton) Coal-Producing State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Alabama 71.31 - - - 71.31 Colorado W W - - 32.67 Illinois 40.30 - - - 40.30 Indiana 34.95 - - - 34.95 Kentucky Total 51.32 - - - 51.32 Eastern 56.63 - - - 56.63 Western 35.53 - - - 35.53 Maryland 42.19 - - - 42.19 Montana - W W - 12.31 New Mexico WW - - 33.16 North Dakota - - 12.92 - 12.92 Ohio 41.40 - - - 41.40

17. Coal-Producing State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Oklahoma 47.72 - - - 47.72 Pennsylvania Total 50.52 - - 60.76 50.77 Anthracite - - - 60.76 60.76 Bituminous 50.52 - - - 50.52 Tennessee 48.94 - - - 48.94 Texas - - 18.16 - 18.16 Utah 26.39 - - - 26.39 Virginia 84.57 - - - 84.57 West Virginia Total 60.16 - - - 60.16 Northern 43.95 - - - 43.95 Southern 65.80 - - - 65.80 Wyoming W W - - 11.39 U.S. Total 51.39 12.31 16.50 60.76 31.25

18. Industrial processes Finely ground bituminous coal, known in this application as sea coal, is a constituent of foundry sand. While the molten metal is in the mould the coal burns slowly, releasing reducing gasses at pressure and so preventing the metal from penetrating the pores of the sand. It is also contained in mould wash, a paste or liquid with the same function applied to the mould before casting. Sea coal can be mixed with the clay lining (the "bod") used for the bottom of a cupola furnace. When heated the coal decomposes and the bod becomes slightly friable, easing the process of breaking open holes for tapping the molten metal.

19. Therefore, I conclude that the more expensive in investing of business, is a manganese mining. However, a manganese mining is very important in our modern world. One of the common important use by the iron and the steel in the street, it reduces iron oxide to form manganese oxide. Which dissolves well in molten slag and is easily separated from iron, it’s increase are durability and corrosion resistance of iron and steel and makes steel more malleable which forced. Example is alloy.

20. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/table31.h tml http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/table31.h tml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate http://www.baysoundings.com/sum02/behind.html http://www.infomine.com/commodities/manganese.a sp http://www.infomine.com/commodities/manganese.a sp

21. Thank U!!!! Hope U Like It!!! Van Michaela Johanne