1. ENGR 45, SRJC, FALL 2010, SAM WILMARTH THE MATERIALS SCIENCE OF A SKIMBOARD

3. Homemade wooden boards: $20 - $50 Professional foam-core, composite-laminated boards: $155 - $450

4. Why glass is used for fiber reinforcement in composites Easily drawn into high-strength fibers from the molten state Readily available and economically fabricated into glass-reinforced plastic composites Fiber is relatively strong, and when embedded in plastic matrix, creates composite with high specific strength (ratio of tensile strength to density) Chemically inert, good for corrosive environments

5. Supplies: Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) foam blocks, polyester resin and hardener, medium density (6 oz.) fiberglass cloth, mixing cups, brushes, stirrers, and scissors

6. Left: Polystyrene foam cores next to fiberglass cloth Right: Foam cores laminated with fiberglass and polyester resin

7. Foam Core 1 Layer Fiberglass (after bend test) 2 Layers Fiberglass3 Layers Fiberglass

8. THREE POINT BEND TEST D = deflection of the center of the beam m = slope of the elastic region of the load-deflection curve ϵ f = flexural strain E f = flexural modulus of elasticity

9. Foam core before plastic deformation Foam core after break point

10. Foam core sample with 1 layer of fiberglass, before and after plastic deformation

11. SAMPLES AFTER BEND TESTING Because of their strength, the samples laminated with 2 and 3 layers of fiberglass had to be tested on a different apparatus, and did not yield any usable data.

12. Composite failure is not catastrophic because: fibers do not all fracture at once, and fractured fibers are still embedded in the matrix (resin). E cl = E m V m + E f V f E cl : Modulus of elasticity of a continuous and aligned fibrous composite in the longitudinal direction E m,E f : Modulus of elasticity for matrix, fiber phases V m,V f : Volume fraction of matrix, fiber phases

15. One layer of fiberglass and polyester resin increased the flexural modulus of elasticity by 40%. There is no data for two and three layers. However it is likely that this number is artificially low, because there was evidence that the resin reacted with the foam and softened it. In fact, post- experimental research confirmed that polyester resin dissolves polystyrene. Flexural Modulus, E f (MPa) Polystyrene Foam Core5.91 One Layer Fiberglass8.25

16. THE INCOMPATIBILITY CAN BE AVOIDED EITHER BY REPLACING THE POLYSTYRENE WITH POLYURETHANE OR ANOTHER TYPE OF FOAM, OR BY REPLACING THE POLYESTER RESIN WITH AN EPOXY RESIN. EPOXY RESIN ALSO HAS SUPERIOR STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS.

17. After a cure period of seven days it can be seen that the tensile strength of the epoxy resin is 20 to 30% higher than those of polyester and vinyl ester.

18. TYPICAL RESIN PRICING BY THE QUART + → Epoxy Resin System: $4.03/ounce → Polyester Resin: $0.50 - $1.09/ounce

19. HTTP://S4.HUBIMG.COM/U/1455635_F520.JPG HTTP://WWW.MAUISKIMMERS.COM/IMAGES/TEAM/F OWLER.JPG HTTP://WWW.VICTORIASKIMBOARDS-STORE.COM/ HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/THREE_POINT_FLEX URAL_TEST HTTP://WWW.C- CYACHTS.COM/IMAGES/COMPANY_ASSETS/512F1C 7F-0D64-4A5E-9D91- 785DC064755F/16CF4_ADV_OF_EPOXY_V_POLY.PD F HTTP://GLASSATTIC.COM/POLYMER/OTHER_MATERI ALS.HTM HTTP://WWW.WESTMARINE.COM/WEBAPP/WCS/STO RES/SERVLET/WESTADVISORVIEW?LANGID=- 1&STOREID=11151&CATALOGID=10001&PAGE=EPO XY-SYSTEMS HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/POLYSTYRENE#EXP ANDED_POLYSTYRENE HTTP://SKIMONLINE.COM/BASICS/SKIMBOARDING- EQUIPMENT/BUILDING-YOUR-OWN-SKIMBOARD/ CALLISTER, WILLIAM D. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING : AN INTRODUCTION, SEVENTH EDITION. WORKS CITED