1. Direction

2. Measuring Direction Four Point CompassEight Point Compass

3. Compass Rose N S EW NWNE SESW How can we remember the points of the compass? ‘Naughty Elephants Squirt Water’, or ‘Never Eat Slimy Worms ’ Think of your own slogan!

4. e a b c d What direction would I need to travel if I wanted to go from :- 1)b to d? 2) d to e? 3) a to d? 4) c to a?

5. OS Map Symbols You will have a key for any OS map that you need to use in your exams

6. Scale

7. The scale on a map can be written in different ways: A scale line Use ‘ : ’which means represents 1 : 25000 This means 1 cm/metre/kilometre on the map represents 25000 cms/metres/kilometres on land 1km 0

8. What do you notice about these two maps of the same area in North Wales? Map ‘A’ covers a smaller area (1:25000 OS map) than map ‘B’ (1:50000 OS map). AB Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey 1:50 000 Landranger raster data with the permission of HM Stationary Office © Crown copyright Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 Outdoor Leisure maps with the permission of HM Stationary Office © Crown copyright

9. Four Figure Grid References

10. What is the 4-figure grid reference of the hat? 1st 2nd Flower = 01 62 4-Figure Grid References

11. Six Figure Grid References

12. 6-Figure Grid References The 6-figure grid reference of the church with a spire is 253 762. 3 2 1st 2nd

13. N 01km 32 31 30 13 14 15 16 17 18 34 35 33 a)Public House? b)Post Office? c)Youth Hostel? d)Telephone? What is the 6-figure grid reference for :-

14. 41 4243 42 43 44 What is the 6 figure grid reference of… Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey 1:50 000 Landranger raster data with the permission of HM Stationary Office © Crown copyright ? ?

15. Relief

17. Relief means the shape of the land. There are three ways to show relief on a map. Can you think of any?

18. 1. Spot Heights 2. Layer Colouring 3. Contours 10 20 30 0-10m 11-20m 21-30m

19. How to identify features on an O.S. map…

20. Compare the relief of these two map extracts. Map B Map A

21. Latitude and Longitude

22. A system of lines is used to find the location of any place on the surface of the Earth. Lines of latitude run in an east-west direction. Lines of longitude run in a north-south direction. Latitude and longitude

23. North Pole Equator South Pole Latitude

24. International Date Line at 180 o Greenwich Meridian Longitude

25. Latitude and longitude

26. The latitude of ‘a’ is 20ºS…’a’ is 20º south of the Equator. The longitude of ‘a’ is 20ºW…’a’ is 20º west of the Greenwich Meridian. Therefore we write the latitude and longitude of ‘a’ as 20ºS 20ºW. ALWAYS write these first These are lines of longitude a N These are lines of latitude Latitude and longitude