1. Healthy Streams: What makes a healthy stream?

2. Scientists observe, measure, record, analyze, and make conclusions

3. What is turbidity? Why is low turbidity important for a healthy stream?

4. Dr. William Trush, River Ecologist McBain and Trush, Arcata CA If the turbidity in a stream reaches 20 NTU’s ( Nephelometric Turbidity Units) for 20 straight days, the forming salmonid will not be able to see its food, will not grow to its full length, and will be unlikely to survive into adulthood.

5. Cuddeback Data Turbidity Mainstem Van Duzen and Grizzly Creek

6. Data Report Covers a Slice of Time November 22 nd, 2014 December 6 th, 2014

7. Water Temperature Why is water temperature important to a healthy stream?

8. EPA Recommended Temperature Thresholds to Protect Salmonid species and Trout  Adult migration 64-68 F (18-20 C)  Incubation 55 F (13C)  Juvenile Rearing 61-64 F (16-18 C)  Smoltification 57-59 F (14-15 C)  Prolonged exposures of Chinook salmon to water temperatures above about 20°C (68 F) can result in a number of adverse effects, depending on the life stage (Moyle et al. 2002).  In northern California, both Welsh et al. (2001) and Hines and Ambrose (1998) found that coho salmon juveniles did not persist where the floating weekly maximum temperature exceeded 18.3° C (65 F) for any length of time.

9. What is the most prevalent fish in the Van Duzen and Eel Rivers?

10. Introduction of exotic fish species is a major problem in some northern California rivers, especially those with serious ecological problems. Humans have induced wholesale changes in aquatic ecosystems, such as turning the Eel River into a warm shallow stream versus a deep, cold one, and then introduced exotic species well adapted to the new conditions. While the larger predatory minnow, the northern pike-minnow, is native to the Russian River, its introduction into the Eel River basin has caused major problems.

11. Cuddeback Data Temperature Mainstem Van Duzen and Grizzly Creek

12. Grizzly Creek December 6 th, 2014

13. What is ph Why is ph important to a healthy stream?

14. pH rises and falls during the course of a hydrologic year The North Coast Water Quality Control Board objectives for pH in the Van Duzen River are 6.5 to 8.5.

15. pH in Humans  The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14; pure water has a neutral pH of 7. Acids range from 0 to 7, and bases range from 7 to 14 on the scale. The website Alkalize for Health reports that human blood maintains a steady pH of 7.4, making it slightly alkaline. Fruits and vegetables can raise your bodies pH.

16. Cuddeback Data PH Mainstem Van Duzen and Grizzly Creek

17. A Day at Grizzly Creek State Park