1. Nicolas-Gérard CAMPHUIS Majors and cities preventing and managing flood risks

2. 5 m

6. 5 miles bright flood plain Orleans 70.000 

7. Orleans 70.000 

8. Tours 120.000  3 miles bright flood plain

9. Paris Tours Orléans L = 650 m S = 120.000 km² Q in Orléans (35.000 km²) Q 1 = 300 m3/s Q 10 = 3.000 m3/s Q 100 = 6.000 m3/s Q 500 = 8.000 m3/s NYC

10. 33 x 250 m 150 m 300.000  190.000  14.000  3 floods 1846 1856 1866 100 % flooded L = 250 m S = 600 mxm 160 breaches for each flood

13. 1 1 Sand and limon Stone as protection Earth covering Old dike 600 y old Top protection erected in 1847 On the river side

14. Old dike or levee Reinforcement realized in 1970 2 1 Drainage under the levee Path On the valley side

18. P REDICTION & adequate alert 3P strategy decided in 1999 P REVENTION & crisis management P ROTECTION 600 M. $ needed in 15 to 20 years 40 M $ spent on 2000-2006

19. Diagnosis of the vulnerability of companies and public networks : power plants and supply water and sanitation roads and railways with 80 % subvention from the “federal” and “state”