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Published byNathaniel Henderson Modified over 9 years ago
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Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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DSM-IV Criteria for Autistic Disorder A. Qualitative Impairment in social interaction B. Qualitative Impairment in communication C. Qualitative Impairment in behavior patterns, interests, and activities D. Onset prior to age 3
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Characteristics Male to female ratio = 3-5:1 –Females with Autism more likely to have severe MR Onset: by definition less than 3 years of age Course: usually continuous & lifelong Symptoms may change over time Familial: increased risk among siblings
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Associated Characteristics Mental Retardation in ~75% Uneven profile of cognitive skills Behavior & emotional problems –aggression, hyperactivity, oppositional, self- injurious behavior –anxiety, fears, sleep, eating disturbances Movement disturbances Odd responses to sensory stimuli Seizures develop in adolescence in ~25%
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Associated Characteristics A. Sensory & Perceptual Deficits B. Intellectual Performance C. Behavior Problems D. Psychological deficits –1. Affective-social deficit –2. Social cognitive deficit –3. Executive functioning deficit –4. Weak central coherence E. Neurological abnormalities
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Asperger’s Syndrome Language, curiosity, and cognitive development proceed normally. Substantial delay in social interaction and “development of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities” More common in males Course: Usually continuous and life long
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Rett’s Disorder Development of multiple deficits following a period of typical development after birth. –Apparently normal prenatal and perinatal development Loss of purposeful movement, loss of social engagement, severely impaired language development Head growth decelerates Onset: 5 to 48 months Clinical population entirely female Usually associated with Severe or Profound MR Course: Usually continuous and life long
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Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after at least 2 years of apparently typical development. Very rare, much less prevalent than Autistic Disorder More common in males Usually associated with Severe MR Course: Usually continuous and life long
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