1. Infrastructures and Obstacles for Reliable Delivery
Broadcast and IP?
Infrastructures and Obstacles for Reliable Delivery

2. Broadcast Topology Automation Subscriber Management Network Management
Billing
Encoder
Multiplexor
Live Feed
Direct Broadcast Satellite
Encoder
Modulator
Encoder
Telecom
(ATM, IP, etc)
Headend
Cable TV
Encoder
Analog Network Feed
Terrestrial
Broadcast

3. IP Delivery Topology Services IP Switching & Routing Simple Switching
xDSL
Network
Management
Encoder
DSLAM
Encoder
VOD
Server
Backbone
Agregation
Network IP
Ethernet
Middleware &
Services
Edge Router
Internet
gateway
xDSL
Ethernet
BAS
DSLAM
PSTN
gateway
Local Servers
xDSL

4. It is all about the ARPU
Source: Yankee Group, 2004

5. Cable Telephony

6. UDP Encapsulation ad hoc: A Variant: 7 TS packets per UDP
IP Packet TS
UDP Packet
IP Packet TS
UDP Packet
ad hoc:
7 TS packets per UDP
TS aligned “nicely”
Split Packet! TS TS TS TS TS
A Variant:
TS not aligned
Variable number of TS packets per UDP
UDP Packet
UDP Packet
IP Packet
IP Packet

7. Unicast and Multicast Unicast Multicast Host Router Host Router PIM-SM
IGMP

8. Packet transport delay & Jitter
Effects:
Degraded interactivity
Increased startup latency
Increased packet loss
Perturbed timebase

9. Packet transport Loss and Mis-Ordering
Effects:
Visual or Audio impairment
Increased interarrival jitter
Perturbed timebase

10. Broadband Access Technologies - Standards
Telecom Central Office
VDSL
13 Mb/s  1.5 km
26 Mb/s  1.0 km
50 Mb/s  0.3 km
ADSL/ADSL2+
8 Mb/s  2.5 km
15 Mb/s  1.6 km
24 Mb/s  0.5 km
FTTH
1 Gb/s  >100 km
Copper is becoming the clear choice for Telcos: Leverage infrastructure, Quick, Large foot print

11. Speeds and Reach ADSL2+ provides similar results to Loop Bonded ADSL…
Loop Bonded ADSL2+ doubles performance again for VDSL speeds at the 15-20,000 foot range.

12. Network Performance for Video
10-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Broadcast
Video
Requirement
Typical
Network
Today?
ITU-T Y.1541
Voice/Data

13. MPEG Video Compression
RGB
YUV
Blocks
Macro Blocks
g(x)
f(x)
Entropy Coding
Quantization
Zigzag Scan
Discrete Cosine Transform
Slices

14. Image Coding Hierarchy
Group Of Pictures (GOP)
Video
Sequence
Group Of Pictures (GOP) …
Picture
4:2:0 Macroblock (MB) Y Y C B C R
8x8
Slice Y Y
H.264
8x8
4x8 1 2 3
4x4
8x4
16x16
8x16
Modes MB
16x8
. . .

15. Response & Tuning Backbone Aggregation Network VOD Server DSLAMIP
Ethernet
VOD
Server
DSLAM
Edge Router
Appl Services
Internet
PSTN
Acquire Content
RF Integrity
Decoding
Re-Encoding
Manage Content
Rights Management
PPV
Billing
Voice
Quality
Call Performance
Billing
Data
Throughput
Error
Latency
Performance
Fault Recovery
Maintenance Efficiency
Performance
Fault Recovery
Maintenance Efficiency
Multicast
Routing Efficiency
Performance
Maintenance Efficiency

16. But too many knobs!

17. Quality Control The Real Question: Is all this truly meaningful??
BER: 1.2x10-3
Sonet Status
LOS OK
AIS OK
FEBE Error
RDI OK
The Real Question:
Is all this
truly meaningful??

18. Monitoring - the old way
Human Operator watching TV for errors and anomalies.
What about 500 channels?

19. Monitoring Switched Networks
Must have access to the data:
Use “network tap” (common in IT networks)
Program a router to “duplicate a port” so that traffic is copied to two places
Use a switch with a “monitor port” (not common these days?)
Monitoring here shows no traffic.
Some switches have a ‘monitor’ port which will pass all traffic.

20. Multi-axis Preventative Monitoring
Service Integrity
TV & Data Services
Protocol Level
Signal Integrity
MPEG Transport
Serial, RF and Telecom
Time
Geography
Distributed Remote

21. Physical RF Signal Performance
Spectrum
Modulation Performance
Constellation Display
Bit Errors

22. MPEG Transport Layer Parameters
Stat Mux Performance
Bandwidth by Service
PCR Jitter

23. Content Parameters

24. Channel Change Issues SERVER & HEADEND VOD Controls Trick Mode
Backbone
Aggregation
Network IP
Ethernet
VOD
Server
DSLAM
Edge Router
Appl Services
Internet
PSTN
SERVER & HEADEND
VOD Controls
Trick Mode
User Authentication
NETWORK
Delay
Connection Setup
Location of Multicast Point
Burst Processing
SET TOP BOX
Command Processing
Acquire Sync
De-Jitter Buffering
Decoding

25. Sports Stream Arriving
Channel Change Delay
Multicast Point IP
Sports Stream Arriving
LEAVE “Sports”
JOIN “Movie”
Movie Stream Arriving

26. The I-Frame Blast “Blast” Server Program A Mux CHANGE TO Movie!!
Core
Network
Program A
Mux
CHANGE TO Movie!!
Change!
Sports
Program B
Movie
Blast Server
Output Stream

27. Remote Interface with Video View
Alarm and Measurement Logging
Remote Upgrade
Remote Configuration I
IP, QAM and ASI TS and Video monitoring and Alarming
Triggered Capture
Stream back of Video and Audio for confidence checking

28. Integrated RF, IP and TS Analysis & Monitoring

29. Alarm Management & Integration
RF Modulation
Bandwidth
LED
Beep
ETR-290
Network Management System
Database
Log Entry
Content Violation
SNMP TRAP
Picture Quality
SQL Plug In
Other Plug In

30. Geographic Consolidation
Collect and Consolidate Alarms
Management Information System Connectivity
Extensible & Open Platform

31. True Service Monitoring
Service Content Validation
Real Time
Service Status