1. Comparative Limnology of Honeoye, Canandaigua, Keuka, Seneca, Cayuga, Owasco & Skaneateles Lakes 2005 - 2007 John D Halfman Environmental Studies Program Department of Geoscience Finger Lakes Institute 3 rd Annual Finger Lakes Research Conference

2. Research Focus: Watershed  Lake Interactions Impact of Land Use & Bedrock Geology Limestone vs. Shales & Sandstones Sedimentary Rocks Forested vs. Agricultural Landscapes BedrockLand Use

3. Sampling Scheme Sampling Schedule Sampling Schedule –Since 2005 –Monthly: May through Oct –At Least Two Deep-Water Sites Parameters Parameters –CTD Cast (SeaBird SBE-25) Cond, Temp, Depth, Turb, Chlro, DO, pH Cond, Temp, Depth, Turb, Chlro, DO, pH –Secchi Disc Depth –Surface & Bottom Water Analyses Total Phosphates Total Phosphates –2006 & 2007 Dissolved Phosphates Dissolved Phosphates Nitrates & Silica Nitrates & Silica Chlorophyll-a Chlorophyll-a Total Suspended Solids Total Suspended Solids Total Coliform & E. coli Bacteria Total Coliform & E. coli Bacteria –2005 only Major Ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO 4 ) Major Ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO 4 ) Seneca Lake Since 1994 4 Sites & Streams Owasco Lake 11 Lake Sites & Streams 2006 & 2007 Cayuga Lake 9 Lake Sites

4. CTD Profiles New CTD Temperature 10-20 m Thermocline Specific Conductance Epilimnion Dilution Fluorescence Surface Algae

5. Surface Dilution?

6. Subsurface Algae

7. Nepheloid Layers

8. Owasco Lake - 2006 Owasco Inlet Impact Lake Stream 94 125 608 Halfman, Holler & Philip, 2006, A preliminary water quality study of Owasco Lake, NY and its watershed. http://fli.hws.edu/pdf/halfman_owasco.pdf Emerson Foundation

9. 2007 – Owasco Lake & Stream Data See Poster by Evan Brown 20062007 Lake Stream Groton From: Bruce Natale, CC WQMA Chair Groton Wastewater Effluent

10. Other Owasco Watershed Talks Susan Cushman, HWS Stream Biotic Integrity Susan Cushman, HWS Stream Biotic Integrity Bruce Gilman, FLCC Macrophyte Communities Bruce Gilman, FLCC Macrophyte Communities Mark Leopold, Cornell Amphipods & Zebra Mussels Mark Leopold, Cornell Amphipods & Zebra Mussels Emily Runnells, HWS Zooplankton & Water Quality Emily Runnells, HWS Zooplankton & Water Quality Melissa Balk, HWS Invasive Zooplankton Melissa Balk, HWS Invasive Zooplankton

11. Algae (TSS, Secchi) Algae Largest Surface Water Honeoye Smallest Bottom Water Skaneateles

12. Phosphates SRP & TP

13. Nitrates

14. Water Quality Ranking Ranked Each Parameter Chl, TSS, TP (2006-07), SRP, N, Si, Secchi, Bacteria (only 2005) Calculated a Mean Rank (1-7) Lake2005*20062007 Honeoye6.17.07.0 Canandaigua1.43.11.3 Keuka3.03.31.4 Seneca7.0 3.2 (no bacteria) 3.0 Cayuga4.4 5.9 (no bacteria) 3.6 Owasco6.75.62.8 Skaneateles1.01.01.0 *Modified from: Halfman & Bush, 2006, A preliminary water quality study of selected Finger Lakes, NY. http://people.hws.edu/halfman/FL-Lim/2005 FL-Data Halfman_Bush.pdf http://people.hws.edu/halfman/FL-Lim/2005 FL-Data

15. Graphically… 2007: Less Rain – Less Nutrient Runoff - Impacts Faster Residence Time Lakes

16. Lakes do Change! Zebra Introduced Zebra Die Off Zebra & Quagga Rebound Nutrient Loading?

17. Thanks - Questions? John Halfman, Environmental Studies, Geoscience, FLI, HWS Data At: http://people.hws.edu/halfman/FL-Lim/FL-Limnology.htm