1. Surface water monitoring in Latvia - macrozoobenthos Didzis Levans Natalja Grudule State agency "Latvian Environment, geology and meteorology agency (LEGMA)

2. Surface water monitoring programs of Latvia (LEGMA) National surface water monitoring program National surface water monitoring program ICP-Waters and ICP-IM programs ICP-Waters and ICP-IM programs Data are sent to EIONET (EUROWATERNET) Data are sent to EIONET (EUROWATERNET)

3. National surface water monitoring (LEGMA) Linked to the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Linked to the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Based on the “Law on Water management” designates four river basin districts (RBD) for Latvia: Based on the “Law on Water management” designates four river basin districts (RBD) for Latvia: Venta River Basin DistrictVenta River Basin District Lielupe River Basin DistrictLielupe River Basin District Gauja River Basin DistrictGauja River Basin District Daugava River Basin DistrictDaugava River Basin District

4. Background of the National surface water monitoring program with respect to macrozoobenthos Sampling frequency - once a year Sampling frequency - once a year Spring or autumn Spring or autumn Total sampling sites – 245 (rivers and lakes) Total sampling sites – 245 (rivers and lakes) Composition and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna (species level) Composition and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna (species level)

5. River Basin Districts Total number of rivers Total number of lakes Gauja248 Daugava4187 Lielupe286 Venta3417 Total number of sampling sites for macrozoobenthos in 2007

6. Sampling methods The methods are used for the rhitral and potamal reaches of rivers The methods are used for the rhitral and potamal reaches of rivers Macroinvertebrate samples are collected with hand-net (frame size 25 x 25 cm; mesh size of 0.5 mm) Macroinvertebrate samples are collected with hand-net (frame size 25 x 25 cm; mesh size of 0.5 mm) In the selected stretches of rivers 10 individual macroinvertebrate samples by means of kick sampling are taken In the selected stretches of rivers 10 individual macroinvertebrate samples by means of kick sampling are taken Samples are fixed in etanol (70%) solution Samples are fixed in etanol (70%) solution APHA (USA standard methods) APHA (USA standard methods)

7. the individual samples are taken according to the occurrence of all biotopes in small rivers; the individual samples are taken according to the occurrence of all biotopes in small rivers; If the rivers are deeper than 1 meter, the samples are taken only in costal parts If the rivers are deeper than 1 meter, the samples are taken only in costal parts

8. ICP-IM and ICP-Waters programs Physically chemical parameters, 12 times per year Physically chemical parameters, 12 times per year Heavy metals - 6 per year Heavy metals - 6 per year Biological quality elements - macroinvertebrates - 2 per year Biological quality elements - macroinvertebrates - 2 per year

9. ICP and IM monitoring stations 1- Rucava; 2 – Amula, 3 – Zvirbuļi, 4 – Tērvete, 5 – L. Jugla, 6 – Taurene, 7 - Tūlija

10. ICP-Waters monitoring sites Five sampling points: Five sampling points: Lielā Jugla, 0,2 km upstream to Zaķi (Daugava River basin) Lielā Jugla, 0,2 km upstream to Zaķi (Daugava River basin) Tervete, upstream to Tervete (village) (Lielupe River Basin) Tervete, upstream to Tervete (village) (Lielupe River Basin) Stream of Zvirbuļi, Ķemeru Bog, (Lielupe River Basin) Stream of Zvirbuļi, Ķemeru Bog, (Lielupe River Basin) Amula (mouth) (Venta River Basin) Amula (mouth) (Venta River Basin) Tulija 0,3 km upstream to Zosēni (Gauja River Basin) Tulija 0,3 km upstream to Zosēni (Gauja River Basin)

11. Observations used for assessment Station Observations programme Type of observations Started(chem.) Stream Tūlija – st. Zosēni ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates1946 River L. Jugla – st. Zaķi ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates1954 Stream Zvirbuļi ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates1967 River Amula – river mouth ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates2001 River Tērvete– river mouth ICP-Waters Water chemistry Macroinvertebrates2001

12. The methods for ICP monitoring For ICP Waters, qualitative samples of invertebrate fauna from streams or rivers are used For ICP Waters, qualitative samples of invertebrate fauna from streams or rivers are used Absence or presence of indicator species reflect the water quality Absence or presence of indicator species reflect the water quality The methods are the same as used for the Integrated monitoring The methods are the same as used for the Integrated monitoring

13. Integrated monitoring There are only two sampling stations: Taurene and Rucava There are only two sampling stations: Taurene and Rucava The samples are collected twice a year - in spring and autumn The samples are collected twice a year - in spring and autumn Composition and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna (species level) Composition and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna (species level)

14. Additional observations used for assessment within ICP-IM Station Observations programme Type of observations Started RucavaGAW/EMEPICP-IMDepositions; Precipitation chemistry; Soil, water biology 1985 ZosēniGAW/EMEPICP-IMDepositions; Precipitation chemistry; Soil, water biology1995

15. The methods for Integrated Monitoring Macrozoobenthos samples are taken from hard bottoms of riffles Macrozoobenthos samples are taken from hard bottoms of riffles An adequate sampling site often covers a stream length of 10 times the width of the stream An adequate sampling site often covers a stream length of 10 times the width of the stream Samples are colleced using the kick-sampling method using a hand-net Samples are colleced using the kick-sampling method using a hand-net Kick-sampling can be performed in waters with velocities of 0.1 - 1 m/s and down to 1 m depth Kick-sampling can be performed in waters with velocities of 0.1 - 1 m/s and down to 1 m depth

16. The methods for Integrated Monitoring Sampling net (frame size 0.25 x 25 cm; a mesh size of 0.5 mm) Sampling net (frame size 0.25 x 25 cm; a mesh size of 0.5 mm) Sample are transfered into 1 litre jars containing 96 % ethanol solution Sample are transfered into 1 litre jars containing 96 % ethanol solution In laboratory the specimens are identified mainly to the species level In laboratory the specimens are identified mainly to the species level Density (ind/m 2 ) and biomass (g/m 2 ) are estimated and also the Shannon-Wiener diversity index calculated Density (ind/m 2 ) and biomass (g/m 2 ) are estimated and also the Shannon-Wiener diversity index calculated

17. References how to identify the species to family level: 1. 1 Edington J.M., Hildrew A.G. Caseless Caddis Larvae (Trichoptera). A Revised Key to the Caseless Caddis Larvae of the British Isles, with Notes on their Ecology, 1995, 134pp. SP 53. 2. Macan T.T. Gastropods. A Key to the British Fresh- and Brackish-Water Gastropods, with Notes on their Ecology, Fourth edition, 1977 (reprinted 1994), 46pp. SP 13. 2. Macan T.T. Gastropods. A Key to the British Fresh- and Brackish-Water Gastropods, with Notes on their Ecology, Fourth edition, 1977 (reprinted 1994), 46pp. SP 13. 3. Savage A.A. Larval Corixidae, 1999, 56pp. SP 57. 3. Savage A.A. Larval Corixidae, 1999, 56pp. SP 57. 4. Elliott J.M., Humpesch U.H., Macan T.T. Larval Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) Larvae of the British Ephemeroptera: a Key with Ecological Notes, 1988, 145pp. SP 49. 4. Elliott J.M., Humpesch U.H., Macan T.T. Larval Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) Larvae of the British Ephemeroptera: a Key with Ecological Notes, 1988, 145pp. SP 49. 5. Elliott J.M. Alderflies, Lacewings and Spongeflies. British Freshwater Megaloptera and Neuroptera: a Key with Ecological Notes, 1996, 69pp. SP 54. 5. Elliott J.M. Alderflies, Lacewings and Spongeflies. British Freshwater Megaloptera and Neuroptera: a Key with Ecological Notes, 1996, 69pp. SP 54. 6. Cranston P.S. Orthocladiinae Larvae (Chironomidae). A Key to the Larvae of the British Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae), 1982, 152pp. SP 45. 6. Cranston P.S. Orthocladiinae Larvae (Chironomidae). A Key to the Larvae of the British Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae), 1982, 152pp. SP 45.

18. References how to identify the species to family level: 7. Mundy S.P. Bryozoans. A Key to the British and European Freshwater Bryozoans, 1980, 31pp. SP 41. 7. Mundy S.P. Bryozoans. A Key to the British and European Freshwater Bryozoans, 1980, 31pp. SP 41. 8. Gledhill T., Sutcliffe D.W., Williams W.D. Malacostracan Crustaceans. British Freshwater Crustacea Malacostraca: a Key with Ecological Notes, 1993, 176pp. SP 52. 8. Gledhill T., Sutcliffe D.W., Williams W.D. Malacostracan Crustaceans. British Freshwater Crustacea Malacostraca: a Key with Ecological Notes, 1993, 176pp. SP 52. 9. Hynes H.B.N. Stoneflies. A Key to the Adults and Nymphs of the British Stoneflies (Plecoptera), with Notes on their Ecology and Distribution, Third edition, 1977 (reprinted 1993), 92pp. SP 17. 9. Hynes H.B.N. Stoneflies. A Key to the Adults and Nymphs of the British Stoneflies (Plecoptera), with Notes on their Ecology and Distribution, Third edition, 1977 (reprinted 1993), 92pp. SP 17. 10. Nilsson, A. (ed.): Aquatic Insects of North Europe. Vol. 1: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Heteroptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. 1996. 274 pages. Vol. 2: Odonata and Diptera. 1997. 440 pages. 10. Nilsson, A. (ed.): Aquatic Insects of North Europe. Vol. 1: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Heteroptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. 1996. 274 pages. Vol. 2: Odonata and Diptera. 1997. 440 pages. 11. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Envinonmental Quality Criteria, Lakes and Watercourses, Report 5050, 2000. 11. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Envinonmental Quality Criteria, Lakes and Watercourses, Report 5050, 2000.

19. Quality assessment The following monitoring data is used to define parametric values of indicative parameters that characterise chemical elements of ecological status and biological element - Saprobity index acc. to Sladecek. The following monitoring data is used to define parametric values of indicative parameters that characterise chemical elements of ecological status and biological element - Saprobity index acc. to Sladecek. National catalogue of indicator species of feshwater saprobity established in 1995. National catalogue of indicator species of feshwater saprobity established in 1995.

20. The Final reports of the project ''Transposition and Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Latvia'' funded by the DEPA ( DANCEE) Classification and presentation of status of waters (including proposal for surface water reference conditions and network ); Classification and presentation of status of waters (including proposal for surface water reference conditions and network ); Classification and presentation of status of waters (including proposal for surface water reference conditions and network ) Classification and presentation of status of waters (including proposal for surface water reference conditions and network ) http://www.vidm.gov.lv/eng/projekti/es_v ides_projekti/?doc=3315 http://www.vidm.gov.lv/eng/projekti/es_v ides_projekti/?doc=3315 http://www.vidm.gov.lv/eng/projekti/es_v ides_projekti/?doc=3315 http://www.vidm.gov.lv/eng/projekti/es_v ides_projekti/?doc=3315

21. Reference conditions in Latvia rivers