1. 1 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Measuring Violence against Women: The Philippine Experience International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel, Republic of Korea 12 – 14 November 2013 by Ms. Anna Jean G. Casañas Statistical Coordination Officer National Statistical Coordination Board

2. 2 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Outline of the Presentation I.Introduction II.Women’s Safety Module in the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) III.Results from the Women’s Safety Module IV.Challenges in the measurement of VAW V.Ways Forward

3. 3 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Per National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) Resolution No. 6, Series of 2001, Violence against Women (VAW) is defined as… “an act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life. It encompasses all forms of violation of women’s rights, including threats and reprisals, exploitation, harassment, and other forms of control.” I. Introduction

4. 4 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 2008 NDHS Women’s Safety Module (WSM) a separate module added for the first time, which probes into women’s experiences of violence – physical and sexual information on spousal violence – covering all forms of VAW was also collected: 1. physical violence; 2. sexual violence; 3. emotional violence; and 4. economic violence respondents were women aged 15 – 49 who were either: a. never married; b. married or living together; or c. divorced/separated/widowed. II. Women’s Safety Module in the NDHS Grouped together in the survey as “Other forms of violence”

5. 5 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 SectionData Collected 1.Violence Experienced by women aged 15-49 Physical Violence Percentage of women who have ever experienced physical violence since aged 15 Persons who committed the violence Percentage of women who have ever experienced physical violence during pregnancy Sexual Violence Percentage who said that their first experience of sexual intercourse was forced against their will Percentage of women who have ever experienced sexual violence 2. Measures of Marital Control Percentage of ever-married women whose husbands have ever exhibited specific types of controlling behavior Controlling behaviors exhibited by husbands were: 1) to be jealous or angry when women communicate with other men; 2) frequently accuses of unfaithfulness; 3) does not permit to see her female friends; 4) tries to limit contact with families; 5) insists on knowing where she is at all times; and 6) does not trust her with the money. II. Women’s Safety Module in the NDHS

6. 6 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 SectionData Collected 3. Marital Violence Percentage of ever-married who have experienced specific forms of violence committed by their husband - currently married women were asked about 7 specific acts of physical violence, 4 forms of sexual violence and 7 other forms of violence including emotional violence within the marriage Frequency of Spousal Violence Frequency of spousal violence among those who reported violence Consequences of Spousal Violence - respondents are asked if, as a consequence of what their husband did to them, they ever had: 1) physical injuries 2) loss of job 3) depression 4) attempted suicide II. Women’s Safety Module in the NDHS

7. 7 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 SectionData Collected 4. Violence Initiated by Women Against Husbands Percentage of women who ever initiated violence against their husband Percentage of women who have committed physical violence against their husband 5. Response to Violence Percentage of women who fought back physically, fought back verbally or sought help from any source to stop the violence Sources from which help was sought II. Women’s Safety Module in the NDHS

8. 8 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Three Specific Built-in Protection in WSM 1)Only one eligible woman in each HH is asked of VAW 2)Informed consent was obtained before start of individual interview; additional statement before start of WSM informing respondent that succeeding questions could be sensitive and reassuring confidentiality of responses 3)WSM was implemented only in privacy; if privacy could not be obtained, skip module, thank the respondent and end the interview II. Women’s Safety Module in the NDHS

9. 9 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Now… What do the results of the 2008 NDHS tell us? What are the challenges faced by women in the Philippines? How much do they suffer? Who are the perpetrators of VAW? III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module

10. 10 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 One in five women aged 15 - 49 experienced physical violence since the age 15! Almost one in 10 women aged 15-49 experienced sexual violence since age 15! III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO)

11. 11 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Persons committing physical violence Percentage who reported specific persons who committed the violence, by marital status, Philippines 2008 Person committing violence Marital Status Ever marriedNever MarriedTotal Current husband54.7na46.8 Former husband12.1na10.3 Former boyfriend0.6 Current boyfriend0.319.83.1 Father/step-father16.625.917.9 Mother/step-mother18.534.520.8 Sister/brother9.321.011.0 Daughter/son0.90.00.8 It is very alarming to know that women in the Philippines are not safe even in their own homes! For women who have ever been married, the main perpetrators of physical violence are their husbands. Among never-married women, the main perpetrators are the mothers, fathers, sisters/brothers and current boyfriends. III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO)

12. 12 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Persons committing sexual violence Percentage who reported specific persons who committed the violence, by current marital status, Philippines 2008 Person committing violence Marital Status Ever marriedNever MarriedTotal Current husband60.5na52.9 Former husband15.2na13.3 Current boyfriend4.457.711.1 Former boyfriend0.10.00.1 Father/step-father0.51.80.7 Employer/someone at work7.05.56.8 Similar to physical violence, the current husband/partner is the main perpetrator of sexual violence, accounting for 60.5% of the cases! While among the never married women, 58% experience sexual violence at the hands of their current boyfriend. III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO)

13. 13 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Forms of Spousal Physical Violence 8 9 III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO) Among the ever-married women, 14.4% of them experience physical violence perpetrated by their husbands.

14. 14 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Forms of Spousal Sexual Violence 6 III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO) While for sexual violence, 8.0% of the ever-married women experience such violence perpetrated by their husbands.

15. 15 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Forms of Spousal Emotional/Economic Violence 11 9 III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO) Most common forms include insulting the woman or making her feel bad about herself, 11%, followed by not allowing her to engage in any legitimate work nor practice her profession, 9%.

16. 16 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Violence during Pregnancy III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Marital Status Percentage who have ever experienced physical violence during pregnancy Number of women who have ever been pregnant Never married 2.5 111 Married or living together 3.3 6,160 Divorced/separated/ widowed 8.2 390 Total 3.6 6,661 Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO) Almost 4 out of 100 pregnant women experience physical violence! Sadly, this does not only put the mother at risk, but also the unborn child.

17. 17 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Degree of marital control exercised by husband Percentage of ever-married women age 15-49 whose husbands have ever exhibited specific types of controlling behaviors, by current age Background characteristics Percentage of women whose husband: Is jealous or angry if she talks to other men Frequently accuses her of being unfaithful Does not permit her of being unfaithful Tries to limit her contact with her family Insists on knowing where she is at all times Does not trust her with any money Current age 15-1944.515.78.93.725.03.7 20-2435.212.06.94.720.84.8 25-2932.314.67.43.618.65.5 30-3929.711.75.43.817.44.8 40-4926.212.45.14.315.84.2 Total30.312.65.94.017.84.8 Most commonly reported controlling behavior exhibited by husband is: jealousy or anger when the woman communicates with other men. III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO)

18. 18 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Response to Violence III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO) Among women who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence… 26.9% fought back verbally; 21.2% fought back physically; and 17.5% sought help Type of violence Fought back physically Fought back verbally Sought help from a source to stop violence Physical 18.8 24.6 13.8 Sexual 15.5 22.1 13.6 Both physical and sexual 32.0 37.2 30.9 Total 21.2 26.9 17.5

19. 19 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Sources from which help was sought Percentage who sought help from specific sources, by type of violence experienced Source of help Type of violence PhysicalSexualBoth physical and sexualTotal Own family45.054.042.545.1 In-laws15.88.214.914.5 Husband/partner boyfriend1.00.00.90.8 Friend/neighbor26.423.932.628.5 Religious leader0.0 0.70.3 Doctor/medical personnel2.00.03.42.3 Police7.48.112.39.3 Lawyer1.53.90.81.5 Social service organization4.80.09.26.0 Among all those who sought help, women are most likely to have sought help from their own family at 45%, while 29% of them sought help from friends Only 9.3% and 6.0% of them sought help from the police and social service organizations. III. Results from the Women’s Safety Module Source: 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), National Statistics Office (NSO)

20. 20 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Collecting valid, reliable, and ethical information on violence poses challenges because: 1.What constitutes violence or abuse varies across cultures and individuals; 2.Culture of silence surrounds domestic violence that can affect reporting; 3.Specific ethical concerns - sensitivity of topic, safety of respondents and interviewers when asking about domestic violence in a familial setting, and protection of women disclosing violence IV. Challenges in the measurement of VAW

21. 21 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 In measuring VAW… Establish and plan tools and procedures by using sets of specific questions for women Ensure confidentiality and privacy during the interview Ensure the validity of the information on domestic violence Ensure the security of the respondent as well as the interviewer V. Ways Forward

22. 22 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Last August 2013, the Philippines NSO has conducted the tenth NDHS, which again included the Women’s Safety Module. Prior to its inclusion, series of consultative forums to solicit comments and suggestions were conducted. Recognizing the need to institutionalize collection of VAW statistics, the Philippine Statistical Development Program (PSDP) 2011-2017, specifically the Chapter on Statistics on Children and Gender Development, included the institutionalization of the Women’s Safety Module in the NDHS as one of its statistical programs. Further review of the objectives and questionnaire of the Module and expansion of its coverage were also included the PSDP. V. Ways Forward

23. 23 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD Integrity Independence Professionalism AJGC/ NSCB/ International Seminar on Gender Statistics Sheraton Incheon Hotel/ 12 – 14 November 2013 Mabuhay and Thank you! /NSCBPhilippines @NSCBPhilippines http://www.nscb.gov.ph info@nscb.gov.ph /NSCBInfo NSCBInfo@gmail.com