2. Boreal Forest

3. Coniferous Trees Evergreen trees Needle-leaves Can survive cold winters and uneven precipitation

4. Boreal Forest Animals Photo 4 Squirrel Lynx Beaver Moose Wolf

5. The Prairies

6. Grasslands It is very dry in the south In the north, moist enough for ranching and agriculture, but not moist enough for trees

7. Prairie Animals Deer Owl Groundhog Bison

8. Interior Mountain Range Varied vegetation Pine forests Small shrubs Grasses

9. Animals of the Interior Mountains 0 Mountain Sheep Bears Mountain Sheep

10. Coastal Forest Coniferous Rainforest The mild temperature and heavy precipitation allows the trees to grow extremely large -up to 90m tall

11. RESOURCES IN CANADA: FUR

12. WOOD

13. FISH

14. LAND!!!!

15. PIONEER LIFE

16. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

17. British North America Upper Canada: “up” the St. Lawrence River (part of Ontario) Lower Canada: “down” the St. Lawrence River (part of Quebec) Maritime Provinces: -Newfoundland-New Brunswick, -Nova Scotia-Prince Edward Island

18. Fear of attack from the US made the ties to Britain stronger Many immigrants from the US and Britain CHEAP LAND! Loyalists: Americans who did not support the American Revolution and remained loyal to Britain Native people dying from European diseases

19. THE WAR OF 1812 US tried to invade British North America to gain more territory French, British and First Nations fought to keep the Americans back Neither side won or lost territory

20. HOWEVER... Upper and Lower Canada was ruled by wealthy British who tried to: prevent an American-style government accumulate as much wealth as possible Had a system of unfair land policies & bad government

21. Problems Begin to Arise... Americans who came to Canada wanted equal opportunity for all Poor British had come to escape this type of government French resented British rulers

22. UPPER CANADA: 1800s Newest colony Populated by mostly Americans Few roads Lots of forests Clearing land was very difficult Family farm took 20 or more years to clear Cooperation between neighbors Church, maybe a small school

23. Took years to get a decent crop that would not be entirely consumed to feed the whole family or sold to pay off debt Almost everyone in debt and mortgaged their next crop to obtain supplies What does mortgage mean? To use as security on a loan: “I will give you half of the corn I grow if you loan me $XXX”

24. Barter economy: exchange goods and services rather than money Farmer would pay for work by doctor, or builder with wheat or corn Determine the value of each product/service and then exchange ON BOARD: Advantages and Disadvantages from the point of : teenagers-small businesses -Cdn economy Younger students barter: why?

25. Homework Read pages 14-18 begin a chapter vocabulary list defining the following terms: Metis Monopoly Mortgage Money economy Barter economy

26. HOMEWORK READ 19-22 Do any definitions in bold (5) May have a quiz next class on definitions and on challenges, reasons to come to Canada, and on resources

27. Using pages 14 & 15 in your textbook, answer the following questions: The Land of Yesterday (p.14-15) 1) Why did immigrants come to Upper Canada after the War of 1812? 2) Describe the economy of the Maritimes. 3) Who was the HBC and the NWC? 4) Where was the most desirable land located? Why do you think this was so? 5) How were the goals of the fur traders, Metis, and First Nations people different from the European and American immigrants? 6) Examine Table 1.1. What were the top three animals (in numbers) killed that year?

28. Answers: 1. Many immigrants came for the rich and inexpensive farmland. 2. The economy in the Maritimes was based on shipbuilding and trade with Britain and New England. Newfoundland’s economy was based on fish and timber 3. The Hudson’s Bay Company and Northwest Company fought for control of the fur trade and set up trading posts

29. 4. The most desirable land was found in Upper Canada near the US because the soil was very fertile and there was a lot of available timber and water. 5. European and American immigrants wanted to set up boundaries, surveys, schools, etc., and fur traders, Metis and First Nations did not. 6. The top three animals killed that year were deers, beavers, and muskrats