2. 1
What Is Engineering?

3. Objectives Define engineering.
Identify and describe the types of knowledge used by engineers.
List the roles that make an engineering team.
List several engineering disciplines.
Summarize the historical developments in engineering.

4. Engineering Defined Uses math, science, and technology
Creates products and systems
Improves world

5. What Are Engineers? Highly trained professionals
Use math and science knowledge and skills
Use materials and natural forces
Solve problems

6. Problem Solving Engineers use engineering design process
Take into account design parameters
Specifications
Constraints
Balance for optimization
Make trade-offs

7. Types of Knowledge Mathematical knowledge Scientific knowledge
Technical knowledge
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8. Mathematical Knowledge
Analysis of data (graphs, charts, data tables)
Algebra (relationships between variables)
Calculus (rate of change, forces acting on object)
Statistics (failure analyses, reliability, justification of design decisions)

9. Scientific Knowledge Statics, force, load, and tension
Ohm’s law, atomic structure, and circuit theory
Thermodynamics
Kinematics
Fluid mechanics
Boolean logic

10. Technical Knowledge
Use of design tools, such as computer-aided design software and drawing tools
Use of mechanical tools, such as gauges and meters
Use of communication tools, such as and document preparation and presentation software

11. Types of Skills and Traits
Interest in solving problems
Detail oriented
Analytic ability
Creativity
Drawing and design skills
Interpersonal and communication skills
Time and project management skills

12. Role of Engineers Design Production Material use
Coordination and management of project
Analysis
Project leading
Decision making

13. Engineering Teams Often include engineering technicians
Generally use more technology than engineers
Often use less scientific and math knowledge than engineers
Often include tradespeople
Follow plans of engineers or technicians
Have specific technical knowledge and skills

14. Engineering Disciplines
Materials engineering
Electrical engineering
Civil engineering
Mechanical engineering
Bioengineering
Computer engineering
Aerospace engineering
Manufacturing engineering
Chemical engineering
Environmental engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum and mining engineering

15. Materials Engineering
Focuses on nature of materials
Design and test new materials
Find new ways to use existing materials
Requires understanding of material properties
Atomic structure
Strength
Stress
Strain
Elasticity

16. Electrical Engineering
Focuses on design and development of electrical and electronic systems and products
Sometimes employed in other industries
Requires application of electrical principles
Nature of electricity
Voltage, current, and resistance
Circuit design
Electrical measurement

17. Civil Engineering Focuses on structures and natural resources
Considered to be oldest engineering field
Subfields include structural engineering
Requires use of construction concepts
Statics
Mechanics
Surveying and mapping
Use of different construction materials

18. Mechanical Engineering
Focuses on design, building, and maintenance of mechanical, thermal, and fluid systems
Requires use of energy concepts
Mechanics
Pneumatics
Hydraulics
Power transmission
Gear ratios
Efficiency

19. Bioengineering Focuses on problems relating to biology
Includes biomedical engineering
Focus on humans
Design of medical devices and diagnostic tools
Includes agricultural engineering
Focus on plants and animals
Design of machines and processes for farming

20. Computer Engineering
Focuses on design, development, and testing of computer systems
Computer hardware and peripherals
Computer software
Computer network devices
Requires understanding of computer concepts
Computer logic
Computer architecture
Human-computer interaction

21. Aerospace Engineering
Designs, builds, analyzes, and troubleshoots aircraft, spacecraft, and space planes
Includes aeronautics and astronautics
Uses transportation concepts
Fluid dynamics
Aerodynamics
Principles of flight
Aircraft and spacecraft design

22. Manufacturing Engineering
Focuses on design and coordination of production of products
Organizes material handling processes
Supervises quality control
Requires understanding of manufacturing
Material processes
Plant and process layout
Principles of quality control
Material handling techniques

23. Chemical Engineering Concerned with production of chemicals
Employed in many industries
Designs production techniques and facilities
Improves safety of manufacturing facilities
Solves many problems
Chemical problems
Material problems
Large-scale production problems

24. Environmental Engineering
Going Green
Environmental Engineering
Designs environmentally friendly products
Works to improve air and soil quality
Works to enhance human health
Tries to find new ways to reduce pollution
Works to protect environment and make it safer
Employed in many areas

25. Other Engineering Disciplines
Nuclear engineering – designs ways to safely use nuclear materials
Petroleum and mining engineering – finds new ways to extract raw materials from earth

26. History of Engineering
Humans have been involved with engineering for thousands of years
As a defined profession, only several hundred years old
Each field of engineering has its own history

27. Engineering through History
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28. Early Civilizations
Development of engineering follows human and societal needs
Use of trial-and-error method rather than use of mathematics and science as foundation

29. Early Civilizations Temples and pyramids
Irrigation systems, dams, and aqueducts
Metal tools and weapons
Systems of roadways
Waterwheels
Vehicles

30. Industrial Revolution
Formalization of many forms of engineering
Watt’s improvements to steam engine
Discovery of magnetic induction
First battery
Incandescent lightbulb
Electric induction motor
Discovery of 70 chemical elements
Cotton gin, reaper, and steel plow

31. Twentieth Century Advances
New heights for buildings and structures
Production facilities developed
Development of radio, TV, computer, electronics, and satellites
New fields of computer engineering, software engineering, electronic engineering, and aerospace engineering
Advances in medicine and medical imaging

32. Engineering in the Twenty-First Century
More powerful, faster, and more capable computers
Vehicles that will make space travel more feasible and economical
More efficient machines
Nanotechnology