1. Using EMME/2 in environmental studies in the Czech Republic Mgr. Jiří Dufek, Mgr. Ivo Dostál jiri.dufek@cdv.cz, ivo.dostal@cdv.cz Centrum dopravního výzkumu (Transport Research Centre) www.cdv.cz, http://szp.cdv.cz 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005

2. Introduction - only one licence in the Czech Republic - one year experience in urban transport modeling of Brno city and Zlin town will be presented - pioneer approach: no EMME/2 in Czechia before - distributors are from Hungary (completely different language) - we learn ourselves (no courses in Europe) 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005

3. Brno city model 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Description of city: - 2nd largest city in the Czech republic - approximately 380 000 inhabitants - relatively well developed public transport system (run by local government owned company DPmB)

4. Brno city model -modes 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transportation modes:

5. Brno city model – public transport 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transit vehicles (normal and joint)

6. Brno city model - functions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Used functions: t functions init a fd1 =(length * 60 / el1 / 100) * (1 + ((volau + volad) / (lanes * el2 )) ^ 5) a ft1 =length * 60 / (speed * 100) a ft2 =length * 60 * 1.8 / (speed * 100) a fp1 =.1 a fp2 =.2 e1=ul1= free flow link speed e2 = @lacap = estimation of a link capacity (depending on link type) - the only 1 volume – delay (BPR function) - 2 transit time functions: ft2 in centre core - 2 simple turn – penalty functions – only penalization without the dependence on turn volumes

7. Brno city model - network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Network: - 199 centroids, 1814 regular nodes, more 6000 links, 113 intersections and 57 transit lines, - centroids = specific zones created by an overlapping of the zones of traffic research and urban zones -ui1, ui2, ui3 = numbers of individual urbanistic zones are described in each centroid, -only 1 scenario is done up to now, -Xi and Yi are in the S-JTSK projection (used in Central Europe), -Xi and Yi are in meters = ling length in meters (or 10-meters, 100-meters...) – recalculation with 2.41 module

8. Brno city model – auto network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto network: Red links = main roads Green links = local roads

9. Brno city model - network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Network: - The links are classified with the help of link type. The link type corresponds approximately to free flow speed, which is input as user link data 1 (ul1) as in Table 1. Road type Link type ul 1 (speed in km/h) motorways D1 (Brno - Prague) and D2 (Brno - Bratislava, Slovak Republic) 11110 express roads (R52)10100 1st class roads outside the city880 Big City Circle (outer)6 - 860 - 80 Small City Circle (inner)5 - 650 - 60 linear roads from/to center - main550 linear roads from/to center - minor440 local main roads3 - 430 - 40 local adjoining roads2 - 320 - 30 pedestrian links (in parks, public green space...)1----

10. Brno city model – transit network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transit network: - 13 tram 11 trolleybus and 33 bus lines - trams in centre delayed due to high density and sharing the road with cars: ttf = 2 tram lines with background transit network

11. Brno city model – transit network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transit network: - trolleybuses and buses used for the connection of the centre and housing zones - node labels are used for transit stops names lines in centre with node labels - transit stop names

12. Brno city model – matrices 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto demand matrix: mf1 - has been created from traffic research and modified - modification in order to have the batch input format - updating: new centroids = new shopping centers, data from population census (2001) Transit demand matrix: mf2 - calculated from mf 1 (resp. mo1 and md1) according to modal split (no modal split model used) - averaged modal split in Brno : 45 % auto, 55 % public transit - vary from 30:70 (centre) to about 80:20 (suburb) - created by matrix balancing, with the help of mo, md and unit matrix (default=1) or exponential function of travel time (examples in the EMME/2 manual)

13. Brno city model – matrices 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto and transit travel time matrices - obtained from the fixed demand auto and transit assignment all mf matrices

14. Brno city model – auto assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto assignment: - standard equilibrium auto assignment - assigned volumes are stored in an extra attribute (@int).

15. Brno city model – NOx emissions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Emission calculation (using the module 2.41) - NOx emission factors per a vehicle (g/km) in extra attribute @efnox - @efnox depends on the delayed speed: ul2: (ul2=length*60/timau) - NOx emission (ul3) = @int * @efnox NOx emission factors of passenger cars (from database of Czech vehicles – mainly Skoda) Delayed speed (ul2) [km/h] NOx (@efnox) [g/km] < 101.3895 10 - 29.90.9577 30 – 49.90.9055 50 – 69.90.8156 70 – 89.90.8611 90 – 109.91.1398 > 1101.8347

16. Brno city model – NOx emissions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Results of NOx emissions calculation A screenshot of auto links with NOx emissions The NOx emissions in Brno model network (grams per meter)

17. Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Fixed demand transit assignment - done for the future modeling of the planned actions in Brno: Park and Ride, shift of Central Railway station, etc.. - fixed demand transit assignment = transit volumes of individual lines and segments, wait time factor = 0.5 - weights for perceived individual component of travel time are estimated = 1, except pedestrian - auxiliary transit time weight= 1.3 – better results

18. Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Fixed demand transit assignment results All transit lines and nodes with daily boarding > 20000 There is a plan to shift the Central Railway Station on the south (?) - the most of people travel in western part of the inner ring – more 130 thousands per a day - the Central Railway Station is a stop with most of people boarding and alighting – more than 65 thousands per a day ()

19. Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auxiliary transit assignment results initial boarding (violet) transfer boarding (yellow) - pedestrian traffic in northern part of city centre

20. Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auxiliary transit assignment results initial boarding (violet) transfer boarding (yellow) - pedestrian traffic in southern part of city centre

21. Brno city model – verification 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Verification of the results - very long process … (first assigments were totally wrong …) - results of National Traffic Census are available in Brno city but only for the motorways and 1st class roads - approaching to the observed volumes = repeating the process many times (modification of inputs, repeated asignments) - public transport: some data about boarding and alighting in Central Railway Station and in surrounding were available. - which inputs had to be modified ? Almost all: VDF, TPF, TTF, speed (ul1), estimation of capacity (@lacap) … - fixed inputs: network data, auto demand matrix mf1

22. Zlin town model 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Introduction - Zlin is home town of shoemaker Tomas Bata - the goal of the modeling = evaluation of an impact of planned roads - predict the changes in traffic, which should come with the construction of new roads - the model does not involve public transport until now, even though the public transport is well developed in this town - 2 scenarios are dome: present state anf the future state, after supposed 2 new planned roads: „Right Shore“ road and - 42 centroids, 175 regular nodes, 592 links and 4 intersections - nodes and centroids are in the S-JTSK coordinate system (like in Brno city

23. Zlin town model – present situation 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 1 - the town shape is very extended in east - west direction - one big avenue with heavy traffic burden and a lot of congestions is the horizontal hub of the town - many houses are situated close to this noisy and dusty road. Assigned volumes in Scenario 1 - present state

24. Zlin town model – present situation 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 1 - the detail of the central part

25. Zlin town model – present situation 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) - traffic volumes in both scenarios were used for the calculation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport - share of light and heavy duty vehicles and buses is 5-7 % on main road and only about 1-2 % in local road - share of buses has been estimated according to public transport timetables Transport modeDaily emission of CO2 [tonnes] passenger cars147.2 light duty vehicles22.4 heavy duty vehicles35.0 buses11.4 t o t a l216.1

26. Zlin town model – traffic prediction 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 2 -Assignment of the same matrix on the network with planned roads - efficiency of 2 planned roads: express road "Right Shore" and connection "Prstenska". „ Right Shore Road “ „ Prstenska“ connection

27. Zlin town model – traffic prediction 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 2 - the detail of the predicted traffic in central part

28. Conclusions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Brno city -transport modeling should be an important part of environmental impact assessment especially in Brno city, -planned actions in Brno are: planned shift of Central Railway Station, finalization of the Big City Circle, building of parking houses and its best location, Park and Ride system, -the model should help to evaluate all possible scenarios and optimal strategy, - more scenarios for Brno model are planned, - more advanced modeling techiques (modal split, generalised costs, multiclass and variable demand assignment, etc..

29. Conclusions – planned work 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Zlin town -The public transit will be add to the databank Other models (national, regional) -The national model is in the beginning (network) -Regional models with a help of coding of national model subnetwork -Intercity matrix = help of population census 2001

30. Contact Centrum dopravního výzkumu (Transport Research Centre) Líšenská 33a, 602 00 Brno Czech Republic Section of Environment Křižíkova 70, 612 00 Brno Czech Republic Telephone: (+420) 541 633 717 Fax: (+420) 541 633 742