1. ITGD3101Modern Telecommunications Lecture8- Third-Generations Mobile Systems week 8- S1/ 2009-2010 Dr. Anwar Mousa University of Palestine Faculty of Information Technology

2. Today, we are going to talk about: Third-Generations Mobile Systems

3. THIRD GENERATION SYSTEMS UMTS Main characteristics UMTS Main characteristics UMTS architecture UMTS architecture UMTS Frequencies UMTS Frequencies UMTS Location Based Services UMTS Location Based Services UMTS Security UMTS Security CDMA Overview CDMA Overview CDMA Coding CDMA Coding The spreading process The spreading process WCDMA WCDMA OUTLINE

4. GENERATION MOBILE SYSTEM 1G: (AMPS), (NMT), and (TACS). 1G: (AMPS), (NMT), and (TACS). 2G : GSM, iDEN,D-AMPS 2G : GSM, iDEN,D-AMPSiDEND-AMPSiDEND-AMPS 2.5G : GPRS, WiDEN 2.5G : GPRS, WiDENWiDEN 2.75G: EDGE (EGPRS) 2.75G: EDGE (EGPRS) 3G : W-CDMA, UMTS, CDMA2000 3G : W-CDMA, UMTS, CDMA2000CDMA2000 3.5G : HSDPA 3.5G : HSDPA 3.75G : HSUPA, HSOPA 3.75G : HSUPA, HSOPA [WI-MAX (HIPERMAN), WI-FI (HIPERLAN)] [WI-MAX (HIPERMAN), WI-FI (HIPERLAN)] 3GPP UMTS LTE, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), WiBro 3GPP UMTS LTE, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), WiBro 1. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION

5. 3 Third-Generation Mobile Systems Main Features The main Features of 3G systems, known collectively as IMT–2000, are single family of compatible standards Characteristics: Used worldwide Used worldwide Used for all mobile applications Used for all mobile applications Support both packet switched (PS) and circuit switched (CS) data Support both packet switched (PS) and circuit switched (CS) data Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility/velocity) Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility/velocity) Offer high spectrum efficiency Offer high spectrum efficiency

6. Standard Harmonization Standard harmonization produced three modes of operation: Standard harmonization produced three modes of operation:  CDMA-DS (CDMA - Direct Sequence) based on UMTS Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)  CDMA-MC (CDMA - Multi Carrier) based on CDMA2000  CDMA-TDD (CDMA - Time Division Duplex) based on UMTS TDD

7. UMTS -Main characteristics UMTS -Main characteristics  The most important IMT–2000 proposals are the UMTS (W-CDMA) as the successor to GSM.  To reach global acceptance, 3GPP is introducing UMTS in annual releases.  The first release (UMTS Rel. ’99), introduced in 1999, enhancements and transitions for existing GSM networks. enhancements and transitions for existing GSM networks.  The second release (UMTS Rel. ’00), enhancements for IS–95 (with CDMA2000) and TDMA (with EDGE). enhancements for IS–95 (with CDMA2000) and TDMA (with EDGE). UMTS includes both terrestrial and satellite systems to support universal roaming and global coverage. UMTS includes both terrestrial and satellite systems to support universal roaming and global coverage.

8. UMTS -Main characteristics cont… UMTS -Main characteristics cont…  The most significant change in Rel. ’99 is  the new UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRA), a W–CDMA radio interface for land-based communications.  UTRA supports (TDD) and (FDD).  The TDD mode is optimized for public micro and pico cells  The FDD mode is optimized for wide-area coverage  Another newly defined UTRA mode, multicarrier (MC), established compatibility between UMTS and CDMA2000.

9. Evolutionary Concept

10. More than 60 3G/UMTS networks using WCDMA technology are operating commercially in 25 countries. More than 60 3G/UMTS networks using WCDMA technology are operating commercially in 25 countries.  Japanese operator NTT DoCoMo launched the world's first commercial WCDMA network in 2001. 3G/UMTS employs a 5 MHz channel carrier width 3G/UMTS employs a 5 MHz channel carrier width Operators are usually granted blocks of spectrum - typically ranging from 2x10 MHz up to 2x20 MHz. Operators are usually granted blocks of spectrum - typically ranging from 2x10 MHz up to 2x20 MHz. UMTS -Main characteristics cont…

11. UMTS supports the virtual home environment (VHE) concept. UMTS supports the virtual home environment (VHE) concept. UMTS supports four types of traffic: UMTS supports four types of traffic:  Conversational class (voice, video telephony, video gaming)  Streaming class (multimedia, video on demand, webcast)  Interactive class (web browsing, network gaming, database access)  Background class (email, SMS, downloading) UMTS -Main characteristics cont…

12. UMTS employs a Hierarchical Cell Structure UMTS employs a Hierarchical Cell Structure  Macrocells overlaying microcells and picocells.  Highly mobile traffic is operated on the macrocells to reduce the number of handoffs. UMTS –Data rates

13. Hierarchical Cell Structure

14. Offered data rate targets are: Offered data rate targets are:data ratedata rate  144 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoor  384 kbits/s urban outdoor  2048 kbits/s indoor and low range outdoor UMTS –Data rates

15.  The data rate supported by 3G networks depends on the environment the call is being made in

16. The UMTS architecture is split into: The UMTS architecture is split into:  Core (switching) network: performing switching and transmission functions. performing switching and transmission functions. contains the databases and network management functions. contains the databases and network management functions.  UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN): provides channel access to mobile users provides channel access to mobile users performs radio resource management and signalling performs radio resource management and signalling  User Equipment: based on the same principles as the GSM MS based on the same principles as the GSM MS Contains UMTS subscriber identity module card (USIM). Contains UMTS subscriber identity module card (USIM). UMTS architecture UMTS architecture

17. GSM network architecture

18. GPRS Architecture.

19. UMTS architecture

20.  The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on GSM network with GPRS.  However, all equipment has to be modified for UMTS operation and services.  The Core Network is divided in circuit switched and packet switched domains.  Some of the circuit switched elements are (MSC), (VLR) and Gateway MSC.  Packet switched elements are (SGSN) and (GGSN).  Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, and AUC are shared by both domains.  Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, and AUC are shared by both domains. UMTS-Core Network

21.  UMTS differs from GSM Phase 2+ mostly in the new principles for air interface transmission (W–CDMA instead of TDMA/ FDMA). (W–CDMA instead of TDMA/ FDMA).  The UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, based on W–CDMA )provides the air interface access method for User Equipment.  Two new network elements are introduced in UTRAN, 1. RNC (Radio Network Controller) The RNC is connected to a set of Node B elements, each of which can serve one or several cells. The RNC is connected to a set of Node B elements, each of which can serve one or several cells. 2. Node B UMTS- UTRAN

22.  The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access System (UTRA) provides at least:  144 kbps for full-mobility applications,  384 kbps for limited-mobility applications,  2.048 Mbps for low-mobility applications. UMTS- UTRAN

24. Existing network elements, such as MSC, SGSN, and HLR, can be extended to adopt the UMTS requirements Existing network elements, such as MSC, SGSN, and HLR, can be extended to adopt the UMTS requirements  but RNC, Node B, and the handsets must have completely new designs. Node B is the physical unit for radio transmission/reception with cells. Node B is the physical unit for radio transmission/reception with cells.  Depending on sectoring (omni/sector cells), one or more cells may be served by a Node B. UTRAN -Node B

25. A single Node B can support both FDD and TDD modes A single Node B can support both FDD and TDD modes It can be co-located with a GSM BTS to reduce implementation costs. It can be co-located with a GSM BTS to reduce implementation costs. Node B connects with the UE via the W–CDMA Uu radio interface Node B connects with the UE via the W–CDMA Uu radio interface Node B connects with the RNC via the Iub asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)–based interface. Node B connects with the RNC via the Iub asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)–based interface.  Node B is the ATM termination point. UTRAN -Node B

26. .

27.  UMTS terminals (User Equipment-UE) are multiband and multimode  so that they can work with different standards.  UE has many different types of identities:  International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)  Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)  Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P-TMSI)  Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI)  Mobile station ISDN (MSISDN)  International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)  International Mobile Station Equipment Identity and Software Number (IMEISV) UTRAN-User Equipment

28.  1920-1980 and 2110-2170 MHz (FDD, W-CDMA) Paired uplink and downlink,  Channel spacing is 5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz.  An Operator needs 3 - 4 channels (2x15 MHz or 2x20 MHz) to be able to build a high-speed, high-capacity network.  1900-1920 and 2010-2025 MHz (TDD, TD/CDMA) Unpaired,  channel spacing is 5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz.  Tx and Rx are not separated in frequency.  1980-2010 and 2170-2200 MHz Satellite uplink and downlink. UMTS-Frequencies

29. UMTS-Frequencies TX-RX frequency separation UTRA FDD frequency bands

30. UMTS networks supports location service features. UMTS networks supports location service features.  Identify and report in a standard format (geographical co-ordinates) the current location of the user's terminal  Make the information available to the user, network operator, and service provider. The location is to be used for lawful interception, emergency calls, etc., as well as the positioning services. The location is to be used for lawful interception, emergency calls, etc., as well as the positioning services. UMTS Location Based Services UMTS Location Based Services

31. Location Information consists of: Location Information consists of:  Geographic Location  Velocity (the combination of speed and heading )  Quality of Service information (response time) Specifications specify the following positioning methods : Specifications specify the following positioning methods :  Cell coverage based positioning method  Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA) method  Network assisted GPS methods. UMTS Location Based Services, cont…

32. OTDOA Location Method

33. The security functions of UMTS are based on what was implemented in GSM. The security functions of UMTS are based on what was implemented in GSM.  Some of the security functions added and some existing improved. Encryption algorithm is stronger and included in (NODE-B) to (RNC) interface. Encryption algorithm is stronger and included in (NODE-B) to (RNC) interface. The main security elements that are from GSM: The main security elements that are from GSM:  Authentication of subscribers  Subscriber identity confidentially  (SIM) to be removable from terminal hardware  Radio interface encryption UMTS Security UMTS Security

34.  Additional UMTS security features:  Encryption extended from air interface only to include Node- B to RNC connection  Security data in the network are protected in storage and while transmitting  Mechanism for upgrading security features.  However, core network traffic between RNCs, MSCs and other networks is not ciphered ! UMTS Security cont…

35.  For radio systems there are two resources, frequency and time.  Division by frequency, so that each pair of communicators is allocated part of the spectrum for all of the time, (FDMA).  Division by time, so that each pair of communicators is allocated all (or at least a large part) of the spectrum for part of the time, (TDMA).  In Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), every communicator will be allocated the entire spectrum all of the time. CDMA uses codes to identify connections. CDMA Overview

36. Multiple Access Schemes ..

37.  CDMA uses unique spreading codes to spread the baseband data before transmission.  The signal is transmitted in a channel, which is below noise level.  The receiver then uses a correlator to despread the wanted signal, which is passed through a narrow bandpass filter. CDMA CODING

38. THE SPREADING PROCESS CDMA spreading

39.  Unwanted signals will not be despread and will not pass through the filter.  Codes take the form of a carefully designed one/zero sequence produced at a much higher rate than that of the baseband data.  The rate of a spreading code is referred to as chip rate rather than bit rate. CDMA CODING

41.  WCDMA uses Direct Sequence spreading,  spreading process is done by directly combining the baseband information to high chip rate binary code.  The Spreading Factor is the ratio of the chips (UMTS = 3.84Mchips/s) to baseband rate.  TDD and FDD WCDMA uses spreading factors 4 - 512 to spread the base band data over ~5MHz band. THE SPREADING PROCESS THE SPREADING PROCESS

42. THE SPREADING PROCESS CDMA spreading

43. Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W CDMA) is one of the main technologies for the implementation of (3G) cellular systems Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W CDMA) is one of the main technologies for the implementation of (3G) cellular systems The complexity of W-CDMA systems can be viewed from The complexity of W-CDMA systems can be viewed from the computational complexity of a receiver. the computational complexity of a receiver. W-CDMA link-level simulations are over 10 times more compute- intensive than current second-generation simulations. W-CDMA link-level simulations are over 10 times more compute- intensive than current second-generation simulations. In W-CDMA interface different users can simultaneously transmit at different data rates and data rates can even vary in time. In W-CDMA interface different users can simultaneously transmit at different data rates and data rates can even vary in time. UMTS- WCDMA

44. WCDMA Link Budget Link budget planning is part of the network planning process, which helps to dimension  the required coverage,  capacity  quality of service requirement in the network.  UMTS WCDMA macro cell coverage is uplink limited,  because mobiles power level is limited to (voice terminal 125mW).  Downlink direction limits the available capacity of the cell,  BTS power (typically 20-40W) has to be divided to all users.

45. شكرا لكم THANK YOU