2. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid

3. _______ is the enzyme that chemically links Okazaki fragments together DNA Ligase

4. What is located at the BOTTOM of a tRNA molecule? Anti-codon sequence

5. Where in the cell is DNA found? Nucleus

6. Scientifically, describe the shape of the DNA molecule. Double Helix

7. What is a benefit of semiconservative DNA replication? Helps reduce the number of copying errors

8. Why is transcription important? Gets the DNA code out of the NUCLEUS!

9. What is located at the top of tRNA? Amino acid

10. What are the 2 types of purines? Adenine, Guanine

11. What is the complement to this side of a DNA molecule?: TGGACTA ACCTGAT

12. How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have in their body cells? 23

13. How many hydrogen bonds are found between A-T? 2

14. Where can mRNA be found? Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome

15. A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a ______ Gene

16. What are the 3 parts of the DNA molecule? Phosphate group Deoxyribose Sugar Nitrogen Base

17. ______is the DNA strand that is discontinuously built into small Okazaki fragments during replication Lagging Strand

18. What sugar is present in RNA? ribose

19. What type of replication occurs when DNA replicates? Semiconservative Replication

20. ______________ are short segment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3’-5’ direction by DNA polymerase. Okazaki Fragments

21. What nitrogen bases are present in RNA? A, U, C, G

22. What is chromatin? Uncoiled DNA

23. What type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases? Hydrogen

24. What scientists are credited with the “base-pairing” rules? Watson & Crick

25. DNA that is coiled would be called? Chromosome

26. When does the DNA replicate? Cell division/Interphase (before mitosis)

27. In what direction can DNA synthesis only occur? 5’-3’

28. How many hydrogen bonds are found between C-G? 3

29. Going from mRNA to a protein is called _______. Translation

30. During DNA replication, what causes the hydrogen bonds to break? An Enzyme (DNA Helicase)

31. What is the tRNA complement to this mRNA?: AUGCAU UACGUA

32. What is located at bottom of tRNA? Anti-codons

33. Who discovered DNA in 1928? Frank Griffith

34. What polymer makes up or hair color, bone length, etc..? Protein

35. What is the shape of mRNA? Single helix

36. What are the 2 types of pyrimidines? Thymine, Cytosine

37. What is the function of tRNA? tRNA anticodons bond w/ mRNA codons to insure the correct order of amino acids

38. _______ is the enzyme runs along the parent chain of DNA and bonds free floating nucleotides to those of the parent (original) chain-- based on base pairing rules DNA Polymerase

39. What sugar is present in DNA? Deoxyribose

40. What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic Acid

41. How many strands of mRNA are transcribed from the two “unzipped” strands of DNA? 1

42. What nitrogen bases are present in DNA? A, T, C, G

43. How is the accuracy of the DNA code assured? Base-pairing rules

44. _________ is the DNA strand that is continuously built by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end during replication Leading Strand

45. Going from DNA to mRNA is called _________. Transcription

46. What is the mRNA complement to this side of a DNA molecule: AACGTAT UUGCAUA

47. How does the mRNA get out of the nucleus? Nuclear pore

48. Identify this molecule. DNA

49. What is located at the TOP of a tRNA molecule? Amino acids

50. Where does translation occur? Ribosome

51. What is the function of mRNA? To get the DNA code out of the nucleus

52. What are proteins made up of? Amino acids

53. Where must the mRNA attach before protein production can begin? Ribosome

54. Where does transcription occur? Nucleus

55. Identify this molecule. tRNA

56. How many nitrogen bases make up a mRNA codon? 3

57. What type of bond is formed between amino acids during translation? Peptide bond

58. Identify this molecule. mRNA

59. What is the function of rRNA? Creates peptide bonds between the amino acids