1. Asthma

2. Asthma - Characteristics
Disease of the respiratory system
Due to:
spasm of bronchial smooth muscles, inflammation of bronchial wall, increase mucous secretion
Stimuli - allergies, colds, viral infections, smoking, psych. stress, exercise
Is not a progressive disease

3. Signs & Symptoms of Asthma Attack
tight chest
wheezing
coughing
rapid, shallow breathing
anxiety
tachycardia
pale color
lack of endurance

4. Exercise Induced Asthma
Onset of S/S w/in 30 min. post exercise
Prevention of symptoms
know environmental conditions
warm-up gradually & cool down
use a bronchodilator

5. Treatment for Asthma Attack
Calm the patient
Controlled breathing
Drink water
Medications
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

6. Medications - Bronchodilators
Stimulate Beta2 receptors - causes dilation of bronchials
Decrease smooth muscle spasm
For an acute asthma attack
**Long term / excessive use causes hyper responsiveness

7. Bronchodilators - Examples
Administration - Inhalation
(Albuterol) Proventil
(Piributerol) MaxAir
(Salmeterol) Serevent
(Epinephrine) Primatene Mist
(Theophylline) TheoDur, SlowBid
decrease release of prostaglandins
Side effects - nausea, mental confusion, irritability, restlessness

8. Medications - Corticosteroids
Use prophylactically before asthma attack to decrease release of prostaglandins, decrease responsiveness of smooth muscles in airways
Has no effect on an acute attack

9. Corticosteroids - Examples
Administration - Inhalation, Ingestion
(Dexamethasone) Decadron
(Cromolyn) Intal, NasalCrom
Azmacort
Tilade
Vanceril
Flonase – allergy corticosteroid

10. Medications - Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
Prevents spasm and swelling within the bronchial smooth muscles
Leukotrienes cause constriction of airways & promote mucous secretions
Examples
Singulair
Accolate

11. Proper use of an inhaler

12. Diabetes

13. What is diabetes?
A disease which involves the production or function of insulin
Normal blood sugar level = mg/100 ml blood

14. Diabetes - Types Type II, Non-Insulin Dependent, Adult Onset
90% of all cases
Predisposing factor – obesity, heredity
Pancreas still produces insulin
Symptoms usually controlled by diet & exercise
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs - stimulates pancreas to produce insulin
Amaryl Glimepiride
Glucophage
Avandia

15. Diabetes - Types Type I, Insulin Dependent, Juvenile Onset
Onset before age 30
Pancreas does not produce insulin
Must take insulin - type & dosage determined by severity & Dr.
Administration
Injection
Implant pumps

16. Effects of exercise on diabetes
Decreases need for insulin

17. Associated Conditions
Diabetic Coma
blood sugar elevated
develops over days
S/S - thirst, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, mental confusion, loss of consciousness
Ketoacidosis
Rx. - call 911, insulin

18. Associated Conditions
Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)
blood sugar level too low
develops rapidly
S/S - physical weakness, moist pale skin, headache, tachycardia, fatigue, hunger, anxiety
Rx. - eat sugar, candy, fruit juice, crackers,
Prevention - eat before practice